Airtal

Release form, composition and packing Airtal 
 
Tablets, film-coated white, round, biconvex, engraved on one side of the letter "A". 1 tab. aceclofenac 100 mg.

Excipients: microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel pH 101, Avicel pH 102), povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone), glyceryl palmitostearat, croscarmellose sodium. The composition of the shell: sepifilm 752 white (hypromellose, microcrystalline cellulose, macrogol-40-stearate (polyoxyl-40-stearate), titanium dioxide). Pharmacological action of NSAIDs.

Has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effect. Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins and thereby affect the pathogenesis of inflammation, pain and fever. In rheumatic diseases aceclofenac significantly less severity of pain, morning stiffness, swollen joints, which helps improve the functional status of the patient.

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

Rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. Cmax in plasma after oral administration is achieved through 1.25-3 pm

Distribution

Binding to plasma albumin by 99%. Penetrates into synovial fluid, where its concentration reaches 57% of the plasma concentration and Cmax is achieved in 2-4 hours later than in plasma. Vd - 25 liters.

Metabolism

Undergoes metabolism to a minor extent. Its main metabolite detected in plasma is 4'-gidroksiatseklofenak.

Breeding

T1 / 2 - 4 h. Write the kidneys mainly as hydroxy derivatives (about 2 / 3 of the administered dose).

Statement
symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis;
symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis;
symptomatic treatment of ankylosing spondylitis;
Rheumatism of soft tissues accompanied by pain.

Dosing regimen

Adults appointed interior, 100 mg (1 tab.) 2 times a day, morning and evening. The tablets should be swallowed whole, drinking plenty of fluids.

Side effect
From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain, intestinal colic, dyspepsia, flatulence, anorexia, constipation, transient elevation of liver transaminases, rarely - erosive and ulcerative lesions, gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation (gematemezis, melena) stomatitis (including aphthous), pancreatitis, hepatitis, and in some cases - fulminant hepatitis.
CNS and peripheral nervous system: possible headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances (insomnia or drowsiness), excitation, and in some cases - violations of sensitivity, disorientation, impaired memory, vision, hearing, taste, tinnitus, muscle cramps, irritability , tremor, depression, anxiety, aseptic meningitis, paresthesia.

Allergic reactions: possible skin rash, rarely - urticaria, bronchospasm, systemic anaphylactic reactions, in some cases - eczema, erythema multiforme, erythroderma, vasculitis, pneumonitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome.
With the urinary system: rarely - peripheral edema in some cases - acute renal failure, interstitial nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, hematuria, proteinuria.
From the hemopoietic system: leucopenia, in some cases - thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia.
Cardio-vascular system: in rare cases - tachycardia, hypertension, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease.

Contraindications
erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in acute phase;
gastrointestinal bleeding or suspicion of it;
indicate a history of bronchospasm, urticaria, rhinitis after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs (full or partial syndrome of intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid - rhinosinusitis, urticaria, polyps, nasal mucosa, bronchial asthma);
period after coronary artery bypass grafting;
hematopoietic disorders, and coagulation;
severe hepatic impairment or active liver disease;
renal failure, progressive renal disease;
confirmed hyperkalemia;
pregnancy;
Lactation (breastfeeding);
childhood and adolescence to 18 years;
hypersensitivity to the drug.

Precautions should be used in the preparation for liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract in the history of, bronchial asthma, hypertension, lowering the bcc (including immediately after major surgery), ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney, liver and heart failure with CC <60 ml / min, the instructions in the history of the development of gastrointestinal ulceration, the presence of infection Helicobacter pylory, in cerebrovascular diseases, dyslipidemia / hyperlipidemia, diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, in elderly patients, chronic administration of NSAIDs, with severe somatic diseases in smokers in chronic alcoholism.

Pregnancy and lactation

The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation. Clinical data on the use Aertala during pregnancy are not available. Regular use of NSAIDs in the III trimester of pregnancy may reduce the tone and weaker contractions of the uterus.

The use of NSAIDs can lead to premature closure botallova flow in the fetus and possibly to prolonged pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, delayed onset of labor and increase the duration of labor. In epidemiological studies in humans have been received data indicating embryotoxicity NSAIDs. However, experimental studies on rabbits when administered aceclofenac (10 mg / kg / day) in some cases, morphological changes were observed in the fetus. Data on the presence of teratogenic effects in rats are absent.

Data on the allocation of aceclofenac with breast milk in humans. In experimental studies, the introduction of radioactive 14C-aceclofenac lactating rats a significant transfer of radioactivity in milk were observed.

Use in hepatic dysfunction

With great care should be given to patients with liver disease. Keep in mind that in patients with liver failure may change the kinetics and metabolism of the drug. The drug is contraindicated in severe hepatic impairment or active liver disease.

Use in renal impairment

With great care should be given to patients with kidney disease with chronic renal failure. The drug is contraindicated in severe renal failure, progressive kidney disease, confirmed by hyperkalemia.

Cautions

Because of the important role of prostaglandins in maintaining renal blood flow should be particularly careful when assigning patients with cardiac or renal failure, advanced age, taking diuretics, and patients with lower BCC (for example, after extensive surgery). If in such cases, appoint aceclofenac, it is recommended to monitor kidney function.

In patients with liver failure kinetics and metabolism differ from similar processes in patients with normal liver function. To reduce the risk of adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract should use the minimum effective dose is minimal, short-course.

Monitoring of laboratory parameters

During the period of drug treatment should be systematic monitoring of peripheral blood picture, liver function, kidney disease, a study of feces for the presence of blood.

Effects on ability to drive vehicles and management mechanisms

Patients taking the drug, you must refrain from activities requiring a high concentration of attention and quickness of psychomotor reactions.

Overdose

Symptoms: The clinical picture is determined disorders of the central nervous system (including headache, dizziness, hyperventilation phenomenon with increased convulsive readiness) and the digestive system (including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting).

Treatment: gastric lavage, ingestion of activated charcoal, symptomatic therapy. A specific antidote does not exist. Forced diuresis, hemodialysis ineffective.

Drug Interactions

In an application with Aertalom may increase the plasma concentrations of digoxin, phenytoin and lithium.

In an application with Aertalom may decrease the effectiveness of diuretics and antihypertensive drugs.

With the simultaneous reception Aertala and SCS or other NSAIDs increases the risk of side effects the digestive system. With the simultaneous reception Aertala and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (including citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline) increases the risk of bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract.

In an application with acetylsalicylic acid may reduce the concentration of aceclofenac in plasma.

Simultaneous reception Aertala may increase nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine.

Aeron

Release forms Aeron - tablets (test tube) 

Pharmacotherapeutic group - m-holinoblokator

Pharmacological action
m-anticholinergic

Ingredients - scopolamine 0.1 mg, 0.4 mg hyoscyamine

Statement
The impact of other external causes
Meniere's disease
Violations of vestibular function
Rocking motion

The composition of the components
hyoscyamine
Scopolamine

Application

Pills "Aeron" is used for prevention and treatment of sea and air sickness, as well as for the prevention and cupping of Meniere's disease. Sometimes they are used to reduce mucus and saliva in plastic surgery on her face and with operations in the upper respiratory tract.

Dosing regimen

With air and sea-sickness pills appointed interior: prophylactically for 30-60 minutes before departure, take 1-2 tablets and, later, if necessary, within 6 hours - another pill. If Aeron prophylactically did not apply, then at the first sign of illness (nausea, dizziness, headache) take 1-2 tablets in the future give one tablet 2 times a day. Higher doses for adults: single 2 tablets, 4 tablets daily. If Meniere's disease appoint 1 tablet 2-3 times daily. During surgery on the face for 20-30 minutes before surgery prescribed 2 tablets immediately after the operation, 1 tablet 2 times a day during the first 2 days.

Side Effects

In applying aerona possible thirst, dry mouth and throat. To facilitate this state shall appoint, and drinking caffeine.

Contraindications

Tablets should not be prescribed glaucoma patients.

ACC

Release form, composition and packing ACC 

Granules for solution for oral administration (orange), white, without agglomerates and impurities, with the smell of orange.

A pack. Acetylcysteine 100 mg - - 200 mg.

Other ingredients: ascorbic acid, saccharin, sucrose, orange flavor.

Granules for solution for oral administration in white, homogeneous, no larger than 1.5 mm, without agglomerates and impurities, with the smell of lemon and honey.

A pack. Acetylcysteine 200 mg - - 600 mg.

Other ingredients: ascorbic acid, saccharin, sukroza, honey and lemon flavors.

ATSTS ® 100

Effervescent tablets white, round, flat, with the smell of blackberries.

1 tab. NAC 100 mg.

Other ingredients: ascorbic acid, citric acid anhydride, anhydride, lactose, mannitol, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, saccharin, flavoring blackberry.

ATSTS ® 200

Effervescent tablets white, round, flat, with Valium, with the smell of blackberries. 1 tab. NAC 200 mg. Other ingredients: ascorbic acid, citric acid anhydride, anhydride, lactose, mannitol, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, saccharin, flavoring blackberry.

ATSTS ® LONG

Effervescent tablets white, round, smooth, with risk, with the smell of blackberries. 1 tab. NAC 600 mg.

Inactive ingredients: citric acid anhydrous, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate anhydrous, mannitol, lactose anhydrous, ascorbic acid, sodium cyclamate, sodium saharinata dihydrate, sodium citrate dihydrate, blackberry flavor "B".

Clinico-pharmacological group: Mucolytic drug.

Pharmacological action

Mucolytic drug. That the structure of the molecule acetylcysteine sulfhydryl groups helps break the disulfide bonds of acid mucopolysaccharides of phlegm, which reduces the viscosity of mucus. The drug remains active in the presence of purulent sputum. When prophylactic use of acetylcysteine marked decrease in the frequency and severity of exacerbations in patients with chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis.

Pharmacokinetics

Data on the pharmacokinetics ATSTS not given.

Statement
respiratory diseases associated with an increased formation of viscous mucus trudnootdelyaemoy (acute and chronic bronchitis, obstructive bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, bronchial asthma, bronchiolitis, cystic fibrosis, laryngitis);
Acute and chronic sinusitis;
otitis media.

Dosing regimen

Adults and adolescents older than 14 years should appoint a drug to 200 mg 2-3 times / day (ATSTS ATSTS 100 or 200), or 200 mg 3 times / day (ATSTS in the form of granules for solution for oral administration of 200 mg) or 600 mg 1 time per day (ATSTS LONG ATSTS or in the form of granules for solution for oral administration of 600 mg).

Children aged 6 to 14 years is recommended to take 100 mg 3 times daily or 200 mg 2 times / day (ATSTS ATSTS 100 or 200) or 200 mg 2 times / day (ATSTS in the form of granules for solution for reception into 200 mg).

Children aged 2 to 5 years of preparation is recommended to take 100 mg 2-3 times / day (ATSTS ATSTS 100 or 200). In cystic fibrosis children aged> 6 years of preparation is recommended to take 200 mg 3 times / day (ATSTS 100, 200 or ATSTS ATSTS in the form of granules for solution for oral administration of 200 mg).

Children aged 2 to 6 years - 100 mg 4 times / day (ATSTS ATSTS 100 or 200).

Patients with body weight over 30 kg in cystic fibrosis and if you want to increase the dose to 800 mg / day. With a sudden short duration of colds reception is 5-7 days. In chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis drug should be used more long-term prevention of infections.

The drug should be taken after meals. Additional fluid intake increases the mucolytic effect of the drug. Effervescent tablets (ATSTS ATSTS 100 and 200) should be dissolved in 1 / 2 cup water, effervescent tablets (ATSTS LONG) should be dissolved in 1 cup of water.

Take immediately after the dissolution, in exceptional cases, you can leave a ready solution for 2 h. The pellets for hot beverages (1 sachet) was dissolved with stirring in 1 cup hot water and drink, if possible, hot. If necessary, you can leave the prepared solution at 3 pm

Granules for solution for oral administration (with the smell of an orange) should be dissolved in water, juice or cold tea, and taken after meals.

Side effect
CNS: Rarely - headaches, ringing in the ears.
From the digestive system: rarely - stomatitis, in some cases - diarrhea, vomiting, heartburn and nausea.
Cardio-vascular system: in some cases - drop in blood pressure, tachycardia.
With the respiratory system: in rare cases - the development of pulmonary hemorrhage as a manifestation of hypersensitivity reactions.

Allergic reactions: In rare cases - bronchospasm (predominantly in patients with hyperreactive bronchial system in bronchial asthma), skin rash, itching, and urticaria.

Contraindications
gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer in acute phase;
hemoptysis;
pulmonary hemorrhage;
pregnancy;
Lactation (breastfeeding);
Children under the age of 6 years (the drug in the form of granules for solution for oral administration of 200 mg);
Children under the age of 14 years (dosage forms of the drug containing acetylcysteine 600 mg);
Hypersensitivity to acetylcysteine and other ingredients.

Caution should be used on patients with esophageal varices, with an increased risk of pulmonary hemorrhage and hemoptysis, bronchial asthma, diseases of the adrenal gland, liver and / or renal failure. ATSTS LONG should not be administered to children under the age of 14 years. This category of patients is recommended drug dosage forms for oral administration with a lower content of acetylcysteine.

Pregnancy and lactation

Due to insufficient data to use the drug during pregnancy and lactation is possible only in cases where the intended benefits to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus or child.

Use in hepatic dysfunction

The drug should be used with caution in hepatic insufficiency.

Use in renal impairment

The drug should be used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency.

Cautions

Bronchial asthma and obstructive bronchitis acetylcysteine should be administered with caution under the systematic control of bronchial obstruction.

With the development of side effects should stop taking the drug. On dissolution of the drug must be used glassware, avoid contact with metal, rubber, oxygen, are easily oxidized substances.
1 tablet effervescent ATSTS ATSTS 100 and 200 corresponds to 0.006 XE.
1 tablet effervescent ATSTS LONG corresponds to 0.01 XE. ATSTS (in the form of granules for solution for oral administration of 200 mg) corresponds to 0.21 XE ATSTS (in the form of granules for the preparation of oral solution 600 mg) - 0.17 XE. ATSTS (in granules for solution for oral administration of 100 mg and 200 mg with the smell of an orange) 100 mg corresponds to 0.24 XE, 200 mg - 0.23 XE.

Use in pediatrics

Children under 6 years old are encouraged to nominate a drug in dosage forms with a lower content of acetylcysteine.

Overdose

Symptoms: may be diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, heartburn, nausea.

Treatment: symptomatic therapy of conduct.

Drug Interactions

With the simultaneous application of acetylcysteine and antitussives the suppression of the cough reflex may be dangerous stagnation of mucus (a combination used with caution).

With simultaneous administration of acetylcysteine and nitroglycerin may increase vasodilatory effect of nitroglycerin. Marked synergism acetylcysteine with bronchodilators.

Pharmaceutical interactions

Acetylcysteine pharmaceutically incompatible with antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, erythromycin, tetracycline and amphotericin B) and proteolytic enzymes. Acetylcysteine reduces the absorption of cephalosporins, penicillins and tetracyclines, so they should ingest no earlier than 2 h after administration of acetylcysteine.

Acipol

Release form, composition and packing Acipol 
 
Capsules, capsule contents - dry biomass from light cream to cream-colored with sour milk smell. 1 capsule. live acidophilus Lactobacillus 10 million

CFU polysaccharide kefir grains 400 mcg Ingredients shell capsules: gelatin, iron oxide red, titanium dioxide.

Clinico-pharmacological group: drug regulating the balance of intestinal microflora.

Pharmacological action

The drug, which regulates the balance of intestinal microflora. Contained in the product and lactobacillus acidophilus polysaccharide kefir grains have antagonistic activity against pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. The drug has a corrective effect on intestinal microflora, enhances immune reactivity.

Pharmacokinetics

Data on the pharmacokinetics of the drug Atsipol not given.

Statement

Dysbacteriosis and conditions that lead to its development:
acute intestinal infections (dysentery, salmonellosis, rotavirus gastroenteritis);
chronic colitis;
enterocolitis infectious and noninfectious origin;
prolonged antibiotic therapy.

Dysbacteriosis and underweight, associated with:
active antibiotic therapy of pyo-septic diseases in infants;
chronic, protracted, recurrent respiratory diseases (bronchitis, pneumonia, including Pneumocystis carinii);
atopic dermatitis and other allergic symptoms.

Prevention of dysbiosis (increasing the total resistance of the body).

Dosing regimen

Daily dose and duration of treatment are determined individually, depending on age, severity and duration of disease and severity of dysbiosis.

Children aged 3 months to 3 years are designated by 1 capsule 2-3 times daily (with food), pre-slitting the capsule and dissolving the contents in the milk or boiled water.

Adults and children older than 3 years prescribed 1 capsule 3-4 times / day for 30 minutes before meals. With acute intestinal infections drug is prescribed for 5-8 days. Longer courses are prescribed for the treatment of children with the underweight due to chronic course of diseases associated with dysbiosis.

From prevention to Atsipol prescribed 1 capsule 1 time per day for 10-15 days. Repeated courses are held not earlier than 1 month after the previous treatment. Capsules taken orally as a whole, without chewing, drinking boiled water.

Side effect

Side effects when using Atsipola in recommended doses is not established.

Contraindications
Increased chuvstvitelnoct to the drug.

Pregnancy and lactation

Data on the use Atsipola during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding) is not available.

Cautions

Not suitable for use:
preparation, integrity of the inner packaging is broken;
medicine without marking or with fuzzy markings;
preparation with the physical properties (broken capsule form) in the presence of foreign inclusions;
drug expired.

Complaints to the drug should be sent to FSIS National Institute of Standardization and Control of Medical Biological Preparations. Tarasevich and address of the manufacturer.

Overdose

Currently, cases of drug overdose Atsipol were reported.

Drug Interactions

Drug interactions drug Atsipol not described.

Conditions and terms of

The drug should be stored and transported in accordance with the joint venture 3.3.2.1248-03 at or above 10 ° C. Shelf life - 2 years.

Aciclovir Hexal

Release form, composition and packing Aciclovir Hexal 

Cream for external use only 5% of white or nearly white, uniform.

1 g of acyclovir, 50 mg.

Other ingredients: macrogol and fatty acid ester (arlaton 983S), dimethicone 350, cetyl alcohol, petrolatum white, liquid paraffin, propylene glycol, purified water.

Clinico-pharmacological group: antiviral drugs for external use only.

Pharmacological action

Antiviral drug - a synthetic thymidine nucleoside analogue. In infected cells containing a viral thymidine kinase, is phosphorylation and conversion to acyclovir monophosphate. Under the influence of guanylate monophosphate is converted to acyclovir diphosphate and under the influence of several cell enzymes - a triphosphate. High selectivity and low toxicity to humans due to a lack of necessary enzymes to form acyclovir triphosphate in intact cells of microorganism. Acyclovir triphosphate, incorporating into "a synthesized virus DNA, blocking replication of the virus. Specificity and very high selective actions are also due to its preferential accumulation in cells infected with herpes virus. Vysokoaktiven against Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, the virus that causes chickenpox and shingles (Varicella zoster); Epstein-Barr virus (viruses are listed in ascending order of magnitude of the IPC acyclovir). Moderately active against CMV. Herpes prevents the formation of new elements rashes, reduces the likelihood of cutaneous dissemination and visceral complications, speeds up the formation of crusts and reduces pain in the acute phase of herpes zoster. Exerts immunostimulatory effects.

Statement

Cream and ointment for external use
Herpes Simplex skin and mucous membranes,
genital herpes (primary and recurrent)
localized zoster (auxiliary treatment).

Ophthalmic Ointment
herpetic keratitis

Dosing regimen

Externally.

Cream or ointment applied to affected areas 4-6 times a day (as soon as possible after the onset of infection).

It is important to start treatment of recurrent infections during the prodromal phase or at the very onset of infection.

Duration of treatment - at least 5 days, maximum 10 days.

Topically.

Eye ointment squeezed tape 1 cm long and laid in lower conjunctival sac 5 times a day (every 4 hours).

Treatment continued for at least 3 days after healing.

Side effect

For external use - pain, burning, itching, skin rash, vulvitis. When applying eye ointment - a burning sensation at the site of application, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, superficial keratopathy.

Contraindications
hypersensitivity.

C care. Pregnancy, lactation.

Pregnancy and lactation

The drug is administered with caution.

Cautions

Cream for cutaneous application should not be applied to mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, eyes and vagina.

Acyclovir ointment is effective for preventing recurrences of herpes lips.

Efficacy of treatment will be higher than before it started (at the first sign of infection).

To realize the therapeutic effect of acyclovir has a value of the state of the immune system.

Patients with immunocompromised (HIV / AIDS or after bone marrow transplantation) due to topical ointment acyclovir should be given the systemic administration of the drug, as well as in the case of severe and recurrent herpes infection. 1.25 cm strip of ointment should be applied to a 25 square centimeter of affected skin.

To prevent autoinokulyatsii on other areas of the skin should use finger cots or rubber gloves.

Acyclovir does not prevent transmission of herpes infections, so the period of treatment must abstain from sexual intercourse, even in the absence of clinical manifestations.

Overdose

Symptoms: headache, neurological disorders, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, renal failure, lethargy, convulsions, coma.

Treatment: maintaining vital functions, hemodialysis.

Drug Interactions

When mixing the solutions must be considered alkaline acyclovir for iv injection (pH 11). Enhancement of the effect seen with concomitant administration of immunostimulants. Blockers slow the excretion of tubular secretion of acyclovir, administered iv (an increase of T1 / 2 by 18%).

Conditions and terms of

Stored at a temperature of 8-25 ° C.

Shelf life - 3 years.

Aciclovir Belupo

Release form, composition and packing Aciclovir Belupo 

Cream for external use only 5% of white, homogeneous, without mechanical impurities.
1 g of acyclovir, 50 mg

Other ingredients: propylene glycol, glyceryl monostearate and macrogol - 100 stearate mixture, cetostearyl alcohol (60% cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol 40%), mineral oil, petrolatum, sodium lauryl sulfate, hydrochloric acid, water.

Clinico-pharmacological group: Antiviral medication for external use

Pharmacological action

Acyclovir - antiviral drug of a group of synthetic analogues of acyclic purine nucleoside-dezoksiguanidina, a component of DNA.

Acyclovir is highly specific for Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, the virus that causes chickenpox and shingles (Varicella zoster); Epstein-Barr virus. Moderately active against the causative agent of cytomegalovirus infection.

Acyclovir penetrates directly into the virus-infected cells. Cells infected with the virus, produce virus thymidine kinase, which fosforeliruet acyclovir to atsiklovirtrifosfata. The latter interacts with the viral DNA polymerase, which synthesizes new viruses. Thus, a "defective" viral DNA, which leads to suppression of replication of new generations of viruses.

Pharmacokinetics

When applying the cream on intact skin: induction minimum; not detected in blood and urine. Affected skin: induction moderate.

Statement
skin infections caused by Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2;
genital herpes;
shingles;
chickenpox.

Dosing regimen

Externally. The drug is applied to damaged skin 5 times a day (every 4 h) with a thin layer on the affected and bordering with skin. The cream is applied with a cotton swab or clean hands, to avoid further infection of affected areas. Therapy should continue until such time as the bubbles are formed crust, or until they are fully healed. Duration of treatment - at least 5 days, maximum - 10 days.

Side effect

Redness, dryness, peeling, burning, inflammation in contact with mucous membranes. Perhaps the development of atopic dermatitis.

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to acyclovir or excipients of the drug.

Precautions: pregnancy, lactation, dehydration, kidney failure.

Pregnancy and lactation

Adequate and controlled clinical studies on the safety of the drug during pregnancy has not been carried out.

Used during pregnancy only possible, when the intended benefits to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.

During the period of treatment needed to resolve the issue of termination of breastfeeding.

Use in hepatic dysfunction

Precautions: renal impairment.

Cautions

To achieve maximum therapeutic effect should start to use the drug as soon as possible after the beginning of infection (at the first signs of the disease: burning, itching, tingling, a feeling of tension and redness). The cream should not be applied to mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes, as the possible development of pronounced local inflammation.

Acyclovir does not prevent transmission of herpes infections, so the period of treatment must abstain from sexual intercourse, even in the absence of clinical manifestations.

Drug Interactions

May increase the effect, while the appointment of immunostimulant.

Conditions and terms of

At a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C.

Keep out of reach of children.

Shelf life 2 years.

Do not use after expiration date printed on the packaging.

Acetylcysteine-Hemofarm

Release form, composition and packing Acetylcysteine-Hemofarm 

Effervescent tablets are round, white to yellow-white color, with a faint odor of sulfur.

1 tab.

NAC 100 mg.

- - 200 mg.

- - 600 mg.

Granules for solution for oral administration

Granules for making syrup

Granules for suspension for oral administration

Solution for intravenous solution for intramuscular injection and topical application.

Clinico-pharmacological group: Mucolytic drug.

Pharmacological action

Mucolytic agent liquefies phlegm and increases its volume, helps to loosen phlegm.

Action related to the ability of free sulfhydryl groups acetylcysteine break the intra-and intermolecular disulfide bonds of acid mucopolysaccharides of phlegm, which leads to depolymerization mukoproteinov and reduce the viscosity of sputum (in many cases this leads to a significant increase in sputum, which requires the contents of the bronchial aspirate).

Retains activity in purulent sputum.

No effect on the immune system.

Increases the secretion of less viscous sialomutsinov goblet cells, reduces adhesion of bacteria to the epithelial cells of the bronchial mucosa.

Stimulates mucosal cells of the bronchi, the secret which lyses fibrin. A similar effect is having on the secret, which is formed in inflammatory diseases of upper respiratory tract.

Has an antioxidant effect due to the presence of SH-groups that can neutralize the electrophilic oxidative toxins.

Protects the alpha 1-antitrypsin (an inhibitor of elastase) from the inactivating effects of HOCl - oxidant produced by myeloperoxidase activity of phagocytes.

Also has some anti-inflammatory action (due to suppression of free radicals and active oxygen-containing substances responsible for the development of inflammation in lung tissue).

Statement
bronchitis,
tracheitis,
bronchiolitis,
pneumonia,
bronchiectasis,
cystic fibrosis,
lung abscess,
emphysema,
laryngotracheitis,
bronchial asthma,
atelectasis of the lung (due to blockage of bronchial mucous plug).
catarrhal and purulent otitis media,
sinusitis,
sinusitis (facilitating a discharge of secretion).
removal of viscous secretions from the respiratory tract in post-traumatic and postoperative conditions.
Preparations for bronchoscopy
bronchography,
aspiration drainage.
irrigation of abscesses,
rinsing the nasal passages,
maxillary sinus lavage,
lavage of the middle ear;
treatment of fistulas,
operative field during operations on the nasal cavity and mastoid.

Dosing regimen

Inside. Adults - 200 mg 2-3 times a day in the form of granules, tablets or capsules.

Children 2-6 years - 200 mg 2 times daily or 100 mg 3 times daily in the form of water-soluble resin, under 2 years - 100 mg 2 times a day, 6-14 years - 200 mg 2 times a day.

In chronic diseases for several weeks: adults - 400-600 mg / day in 1-2 doses; children 2-14 years - 100 mg 3 times a day in cystic fibrosis - Children from 10 days to 2 years - 50 mg 3 times daily, 2-6 years - 100 mg 4 times a day, 6 years old - 200 mg 3 times daily in the form of water-soluble granules, effervescent tablets or capsules.

Inhalation. Aerosol therapy in ultrasonic devices spray 20 ml 10% solution or 2-5 ml of 20% solution in devices with pilot valve - 6 ml 10% solution.

The duration of inhalation - 15-20 min; multiplicity - 2-4 times a day.

In the treatment of acute average length of therapy - 5-10 days, with long-term therapy of chronic conditions, treatment - up to 6 months.

In the case of strong suction sekretoliticheskogo actions secret, and frequency of inhalation and the daily dose is reduced.

Intratracheally. Rinsing the bronchial tree in therapeutic bronchoscopy using 5-10% solution.

Topically. Buried in the ear canal and nasal passages of 150-300 mg (1 procedure).

Parenterally. Administered in / in (preferably drip or slow jet - for 5 min) or V / m. Adults - 300 mg 1-2 times a day. D

etyam from 6 to 14 years - 150 mg 1-2 times a day.

Children under 6 years of age preferred oral intake, children under 1 year of intravenous acetylcysteine is only possible by "life" readings in the hospital. In that case, if you still have indications for parenteral therapy, the daily dose for children under the age of 6 years should be 10 mg / kg body weight.

For iv injection solution was diluted with an additional 0.9% NaCl or 5% dextrose at a ratio of 1:1.

The duration of therapy is determined individually (no more than 10 days).

Patients older than 65 years - using the minimum effective dose.

Side effect

Nausea, vomiting, feeling of fullness, nasal bleeding, rash, tinnitus, drowsiness, fever. Rarely - dyspepsia (including heartburn). When aerosol therapy: the reflex cough, irritation of the respiratory tract, rhinorrhea, rarely - stomatitis. When i / m administration - a burning sensation at the injection site, long-term treatment - abnormal liver function and / or kidneys.

Contraindications
hypersensitivity,
pregnancy,
lactation.

C care. Peptic ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer (in the acute phase), esophageal varices, hemoptysis, pulmonary hemorrhage, phenylketonuria (for forms that contain aspartame), asthma (with / in the introduction the risk of bronchospasm), adrenal disease, liver and / or renal failure, hypertension.

Pregnancy and lactation

Use of the drug is prohibited.

Cautions

When treating patients with diabetes need to take into account that the granules contain sucrose.

When working with the drug must be used glassware, avoid contact with metal, rubber, oxygen, easily oxidized materials.

With a shallow V / m and the introduction of the drug if hypersensitivity can occur easily and quickly passing a burning sensation, and therefore the drug should enter deeply into the muscle.

In patients with bronchoobstructive syndrome should be combined with bronchodilators

Overdose

No information available.

Drug Interactions

Increases the (relative) effect of bronchodilators. Reduces the absorption of penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines (the interval between doses must be at least 2 h). Pharmaceutically compatible with antibiotics and proteolytic enzymes, in contact with metal, rubber forms sulfides with a characteristic odor

Acetylsalicylic acid

Acetylsalicylic acid (Latin Acidum acetylsalicylicum, Eng. Acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic ester of acetic acid) - drug has analgetic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory and antiaggregatory action. Small white needle-like crystals or light crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water at room temperature, soluble in hot water, easily soluble in alcohol, caustic and carbonated alkali.

Synthesized by Felix Hoffmann (Bayer AG) in 1897. A patent for his invention of a German chemist, received March 6, 1899. Hoffman opened the medicinal properties of acetylsalicylic acid, trying to find a cure for his father, who suffered from rheumatism.

Aspirin is widely known under the trademark "Aspirin" company "Bayer".

History of creation

Acetylsalicylic acid was first synthesized by Charles Frederic Gerhardt in 1853. August 10, 1897 Arthur Eichengreen, who worked in the laboratories of Bayer in Wuppertal first received samples of acetylsalicylic acid in a form as possible for medical use. Bayer recorded a new drug under the brand name Aspirin.

Already in 1899 the first batch of the drug went on sale. It was originally known only antipyretic effect of aspirin, and later emerged as its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. In the early years of aspirin is sold as a powder, and since 1904 in pill form.

In 1987, the medical journal The New England Journal of Medicine published an article [citation needed 230 days], in which the results of years of research confirmed another property of this drug - with its regular use significantly reduced risk of heart attack. According to new data [citation needed 230 days], aspirin also reduces the risk of cancer of the colon.

General Information

Acetylsalicylic acid has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effect, and it is widely used in feverish conditions, headaches, neuralgia, etc., and as antirheumatic.

Anti-inflammatory effect of acetylsalicylic acid (and other salicylates) can be explained by its influence on the processes occurring in the inflammation: a decrease in the permeability of capillaries, decreasing the activity of hyaluronidase, limited power supply of the inflammatory process by inhibition of ATP formation, etc. The mechanism of anti-inflammatory action has a value of inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis.

Antipyretic effect is also associated with the effect on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory centers.

Analgesic effect is due to the influence of the centers of pain sensitivity, as well as the ability of salicylates to reduce algogenov action of bradykinin.

Blood-thinning effect of aspirin allows it to reduce intracranial pressure, headaches.

Salicylic acid was the basis for an entire class of drugs called salicylates, an example of such a drug is dihydroxybenzoic acid.

Chemical properties

Acetylsalicylic acid in the hydrolysis breaks down into salicylic and acetic acid. Hydrolysis is carried out by boiling a solution of acetylsalicylic acid in water for 30 seconds. After cooling, salicylic acid, poorly soluble in water, precipitated in the form of fluffy needles.

Application and dosing regimen

Aspirin is widely used as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesics. Apply it on your own and in combination with other drugs.

There are a number of proprietary medicines containing acetylsalicylic acid (tablets Tsitramon "," Kofitsil "," Asfen "," Askofen "," Atselizin "etc.).

Recently received injectable drugs, the main active principle of which is acetylsalicylic acid (see Atselizin, Aspizol).

In the form of tablets prescribed acetylsalicylic acid orally after meal. Usual dose for adults as an analgesic and antipyretic (for fever diseases, headache, migraine, neuralgia, etc.) 0,25-0,5-1 g 3-4 times a day for children, depending on the age of 0, 1 to 0.3 g per reception.

In rheumatoid arthritis, infectious-allergic myocarditis, rheumatoid arthritis prescribed a long time for adults, 2-3 g (at least 4 grams) per day, children at 0.2 grams per year of life per day. Single dose for children aged 1 year was 0.05 g, 2 years - 0,1 g, 3 years old - 0,15 g, 4 years - 0,2 g. Since the age of 5 can be given in pill form for 0 , 25 g per reception.

Aspirin is effective, very affordable tool that has widespread use in ambulatory practice. Please be aware that drug use should be made with caution due to the possibility of some side effects.

Described many cases where ingestion of even 100 grams of vodka in combination with conventional drugs such as aspirin or Amidopyrine, accompanied by severe allergic reactions and stomach bleeding.

Widespread use of aspirin in the home as a way to remove hangover. Nevertheless, it should be understood that aspirin does not cure a hangover, but only a few removes the pain. It is better to replace it with other analgesics with fewer side effects.

Side effect

Using the drug may develop profuse sweating may occur tinnitus and hearing impaired, angioedema, skin and other allergic reactions.

It is important to note that during long-term (without a doctor's control), use of aspirin may experience side effects such as dyspepsia and stomach bleeding may be amazed at not only the mucosa of the stomach, and duodenum.

The so-called ulcerogenic action inherent in varying degrees to different anti-inflammatory drugs: corticosteroids, phenylbutazone, indomethacin, etc. The appearance of gastric ulcers and gastric bleeding in the application of acetylsalicylic acid, not only due to resorptive activity (inhibition of blood clotting factors, etc.), but it a direct irritating effect on the gastric mucosa, especially if the drug is taken in the form of tablets uncomminuted. This also applies to sodium salicylate.

To reduce the ulcerogenic effect and gastric bleeding should receive acetylsalicylic acid (and sodium salicylate) just after eating, the tablets should carefully grind and drink plenty of fluids (preferably milk). However, there are indications that gastric bleeding may also occur when taking aspirin after a meal. Sodium bicarbonate promotes more rapid release of salicylate from the body, yet to reduce the irritants in the stomach after resorting to receive acetylsalicylic acid alkaline mineral water or sodium bicarbonate.

Overseas tablets of acetylsalicylic acid are produced are often of fine crystalline powder with alkalify (buffer) additions.

With prolonged use of salicylates should consider the possibility of anemia and systematic blood tests and check for blood in the stool.

Due to the possibility of allergic reactions should be cautious about the appointment of acetylsalicylic acid (and other salicylates) individuals with heightened sensitivity to penicillin and other "allergogennym" medicines.

If you are sensitive to acetylsalicylic acid may develop asthma Aspirin for the prevention and treatment methods that are designed desensitizing therapy with increasing doses of aspirin.

In connection with the available experimental data on the teratogenic action of acetylsalicylic acid is recommended not to prescribe it and contain its products to women in the first 3 months of pregnancy.

Currently, aspirin is not recommended for use to reduce temperature in children, especially in cases of suspected viral illness. It is known that the use of aspirin in such patients can cause necrosis of the liver and the development of acute liver failure. This complication known as Reye syndrome (Reye). At the moment pathogenetic mechanism of Reye syndrome is unknown. The disease occurs with the development of acute liver failure. The incidence of Reye syndrome in children under 18 years of age in the United States is approximately 1:100 000, with case fatality rate exceeds 36% [4].

Antiaggregatory action

An important feature of acetylsalicylic acid is its ability to exert antiaggregatory action to inhibit spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation.

Substances that have antiaggregatory action began to receive widespread in medicine for the correction of hemorheological disorders and prevention of thrombotic complications in patients with myocardial infarction, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases.

These substances are sometimes isolated in a separate group antiagregatsionnoe funds (see antiaggregatory agent).

Due to the influence on platelet aggregation, as well as some antikoaguliruyuschey activity should be the treatment of acetylsalicylic acid to conduct periodic blood tests. If bleeding disorders, particularly hemophilia may develop bleeding. For early detection of ulcerogenic action must periodically examine feces for the presence of blood.

Keep in mind that under the influence of acetylsalicylic acid enhances the action of anticoagulants (coumarin derivatives, heparin, etc.), saharoponizhayuschih drugs (sulfonylureas), increases the risk of gastric bleeding during concomitant use of corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increases the side effects of methotrexate. Weakened by several actions of furosemide, urikozuricheskih funds spironolactone.

Contraindications

Gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcers and bleeding are contraindications to the use of aspirin and sodium salicylate.

Acecardol

Release form, composition and packing

Tablets, enteric-coated cover white or almost white, round, biconvex. 1 tab. acetylsalicylic acid 50 mg - - 100 mg - - 300 mg.

Other ingredients: povidone, corn starch, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, talc, atsetilftaliltsellyuloza, titanium dioxide, castor oil.

Clinico-pharmacological group: NSAID. Antiaggregant.

Pharmacological action

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The mechanism of action of aspirin is irreversible inhibition of COX, as a result of this blockade is the synthesis of thromboxane A2 and inhibited platelet aggregation.

It is believed that aspirin has other mechanisms of suppression of platelet aggregation, which expands the scope of its application in various vascular diseases. Aspirin also has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic action.

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

After oral acetylsalicylic acid absorbed from the upper part of the small intestine. Cmax plasma levels observed after an average of 3 hours after taking the drug inside.

Metabolism

Acetylsalicylic acid undergoes partial metabolism in the liver with formation of less active metabolites.

Breeding

Excreted by the kidneys as unchanged or as metabolites; T1 / 2 of acetylsalicylic acid is about 15 minutes, metabolites - about 3 hours

Statement
prevention of acute myocardial infarction in the presence of risk factors (eg, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, smoking, older age) and re-infarction;
prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction;
unstable angina;
prevention of stroke (including patients with transient ischemic attack);
prevention of transient ischemic attacks;
prevention of thromboembolism after surgery and invasive procedures on vessels (eg, coronary artery bypass surgery, carotid endarterectomy, arterio-venous bypass, angioplasty of the carotid arteries);
prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and its branches (eg, prolonged immobilization as a result of a large surgical intervention).

Dosing regimen

Tablets, taken orally, before eating, drinking plenty of fluids. The drug is designed for prolonged use. The duration of therapy is determined by your doctor.

Prophylaxis for suspected acute myocardial infarction: 100-200 mg / day or 300 mg a day (the first pill must be chewed for faster absorption). Prevention first mooted acute myocardial infarction in the presence of risk factors: 100 mg or 300 mg every other day.

Prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction, unstable angina, prevention of stroke and transient ischemic attacks, prevention of thromboembolic complications after surgery or invasive investigations: 100-300 mg / day.

Prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and its branches: 100-200 mg / day or 300 mg every other day.

Side effect

Allergic reactions: urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactic reaction.
From the digestive system: nausea, heartburn, vomiting, abdominal pain, ulceration of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum (including perforated), gastrointestinal bleeding, elevated liver enzymes.
With the respiratory system: bronchospasm.
From the hemopoietic system: increased bleeding, rarely - anemia.
CNS: dizziness, ringing in the ears.

Contraindications
erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
gastrointestinal bleeding;
hemorrhagic diathesis;
Bronchial asthma induced by intake of salicylates and NSAIDs, Fernand-Widal triad (a combination of asthma, recurrent polyposis of the nose and paranasal sinuses and the intolerance of ASA);
combined use with methotrexate 15 mg / week. and more;
I and III trimesters of pregnancy;
Lactation (breastfeeding);
age 18;
Hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid and / or other drug compounds;
hypersensitivity to other NSAIDs.

Caution should be used drug to treat gout, hyperuricemia, with guidance on the history of gastrointestinal ulceration or gastrointestinal bleeding, renal and liver failure, asthma, chronic respiratory disease, hay fever, nasal polyposis, allergic reactions to other drugs in the II trimester of pregnancy, in combination with methotrexate at a dose of less than 15 mg / week., with a deficit of vitamin K deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Pregnancy and lactation

The use of salicylates in high doses in the I trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased frequency of fetal defects (split the sky, heart defects).

In the II trimester salicylate may be given only on the basis of strict evaluation of the expected benefit of therapy for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus.

In the III trimester of pregnancy salicylates in high doses (300 mg / day) cause inhibition of labor, premature closure of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus, increased bleeding in the mother and fetus, and the appointment immediately before delivery may cause intracranial hemorrhage, especially in preterm infants.

Appointment of salicylates (including aspirin) in the III trimester of pregnancy is contraindicated. Salicylates and their metabolites in small amounts are excreted in breast milk. Incidental taking of salicylates during lactation is not accompanied by the development of adverse reactions in children and does not require stopping breastfeeding. However, prolonged use of a drug or appointing him to a high dose of breast-feeding should be stopped immediately.

Use in hepatic dysfunction

Be wary of with liver failure.

Use in renal impairment

Be wary of renal failure.

Cautions

The patient may take medication after a doctor's prescription. Aspirin can provoke bronchospasm and cause bronchial asthma and other hypersensitivity reactions. Risk factors are the presence of asthma history, hay fever, nasal polyposis, chronic respiratory system diseases, and allergic reactions to other drugs (eg, skin reactions, pruritus, urticaria). Aspirin can cause bleeding of varying severity during and after surgery.

The combination of aspirin with anticoagulants, thrombolytic and antiplatelet drugs is accompanied by an increased risk of bleeding. Aspirin in low doses can provoke the development of gout in susceptible individuals (who have a decreased excretion of uric acid). Combined therapy with acetylsalicylic acid and methotrexate is accompanied by a high incidence of side effects of hematopoiesis. Aspirin in high doses has a hypoglycaemic effect, which must be borne in mind when assigning it to patients with diabetes receiving hypoglycemic medications.

When combined appointment of the SCS and salicylates should be remembered that during treatment the level of salicylate in the blood is reduced, and after withdrawal of GCS possible overdose of salicylates. Not recommended combination of acetylsalicylic acid and ibuprofen, as the latter affects the beneficial effect Atsekardola on life expectancy. Excess doses of aspirin carries a risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Overdose is especially dangerous in elderly patients.

In combination with acetylsalicylic acid and alcohol increased the risk of damaging the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract and prolongation in bleeding time.

Effects on ability to drive vehicles and management mechanisms

Is not observed its influence on ability to drive vehicles and management mechanisms.

Overdose

Symptoms of an overdose of moderate severity: nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, hearing loss, dizziness, confusion.

Treatment: a reduction in dose. Symptoms of severe overdose: fever, hyperventilation, ketoacidosis, respiratory alkalosis, coma, cardiovascular and respiratory insufficiency, severe hypoglycemia.

Treatment: immediate hospitalization in a specialized department for emergency treatment - gastric lavage, determination of the acid-alkaline balance, alkaline and forced alkaline diuresis, hemodialysis, the introduction of solutions, activated charcoal, symptomatic therapy.

During alkaline diuresis is necessary to achieve pH values between 7.5 and 8. Forced alkaline diuresis should be undertaken when the concentration of salicylate in plasma is more than 500 mg / L (3.6 mg / dL) in adults and 300 mg / L (2.2 mg / dL) in children.

Afobazol

Release form, composition and packing

Of white or white with a touch of color Valium, Valium, with a facet.

1 tab. морфолиноэтилтиоэтоксибензимидазола dihydrochloride 5 mg-10 mg.

Excipients: potato starch, microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, povidone, magnesium stearate. Clinico-pharmacological group: Tranquilizer (anxiolytic).

Pharmacological action

Afobazol - a 2-merkaptobenzimidazola, a selective anxiolytic, not related to the class of benzodiazepine receptor agonists. Prevents the development of membranozavisimyh changes in GABA-receptor. The drug has anxiolytic effect of activating components that are not accompanied by gipnosedativnymi effects (sedation is detected at doses of 40-50 times the ED50 for the anxiolytic action). Do not miorelaksantnoe drug properties, negative impact on memory and attention.

Using drugs is not formed by drug dependence and withdrawal syndrome develops.

Effect of the drug sold mainly in the form of a combination of anxiolytic (protivotrevozhnogo) and easily enabling (activating) effects. Reducing or eliminating anxiety (concern, a bad feeling, fear, anger), stress (fearfulness, tearfulness, anxiety, inability to relax, insomnia, fear), and, hence, somatic (muscular, sensory, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal intestinal symptoms), autonomic (dry mouth, sweating, dizziness), cognitive (difficulty concentrating, impaired memory) violations observed at 5-7 days of treatment Afobazol.

The maximum effect is achieved by the end of 4 weeks of treatment and stored in posleterapevticheskom period, an average of 1-2 weeks. Especially shows the use of the drug in patients with predominantly asthenic personality traits as alarming suspiciousness, insecurity, increased vulnerability and emotional lability, tendency to emotional stress reactions. Afobazol non-toxic (LD50 in rats is 1.1 g with ED50 of 1 mg).

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

Cmax was 0.13 ± 0.073 mg / ml.

Distribution

The average retention time of the drug in the body - 1.6 ± 0.86 hours intensively distributed in well-vascularised organs.

Breeding

T1 / 2 at 0.82 pm

Statement

Afobazol used in adults with anxiety disorders:
generalized anxiety disorder, neurosis, adjustment disorder;
patients with various somatic (bronchial asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, ACS, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, hypertension), dermatological and oncological diseases;
sleep disturbances associated with anxiety;
neurocirculatory asthenia;
syndrome, premenstrual tension;
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome;
to ease withdrawal symptoms during smoking cessation.

Dosing regimen

Drug is prescribed inside, after a meal. Single dose of 10 mg daily dose - 30 mg, divided into 3 doses throughout the day. The duration of the exchange rate of the drug is 2-4 weeks. If necessary, the daily dose may be increased to 60 mg and the duration of treatment to 3 months.

Side effect

Possible: an allergic reaction, hypersensitivity to the drug.

Contraindications
pregnancy;
Lactation (breastfeeding);
childhood and adolescence to 18 years;
hypersensitivity to the drug.

Pregnancy and lactation

The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding).

Overdose

Symptoms: When a large overdose and intoxication may develop sedation and increased sleepiness without manifestations miorelaxation.

Treatment: As an emergency appoint n / a caffeine-sodium benzoate 20% solution of 1 ml 2-3 times / day.

Drug Interactions

While the application Afobazol no effect on the action of ethanol and thiopental.

While the application Afobazol potentiates anticonvulsive effect of carbamazepine.

While the application Afobazol causes increased anxiolytic action of diazepam.

Conditions and terms of

The drug should be kept away from children, dry, dark place at temperatures not above 25 ° C. Shelf life - 2 years.

Aflubin

Aflubin

Release form, composition and packing

Homeopathic drops as a clear, colorless to colorless to slightly yellowish liquid with no characteristic odor. 100 ml of gentian (Gentiana) D1 1 ml of monkshood (Aconitum) D6 10 ml nettle bryony (Bryonia) D6 10 ml of iron phosphate (Ferrum phosphoricum) D12 10 ml lactic acid (Acidum sarcolacticum) D12 10 ml Excipients: ethanol 43% ( weight) - 59 ml.

Sublingual tablets homeopathic white, round, Valium, with the facet and Valium, and odorless. 1 tab. gentian (Gentiana) D1 3.6 mg monkshood (Aconitum) D6 37.2 mg nettle bryony (Bryonia) D6 37.2 mg of iron phosphate (Ferrum phosphoricum) D12 37.2 mg lactic acid (Acidum sarcolacticum) D12 37.2 mg Excipients: lactose monohydrate, starch, magnesium stearate.

Clinico-pharmacological group: homeopathic remedies used for colds.

Pharmacological action

Complex homeopathic medicine. Has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic, detoxification effect. Possesses antiviral activity. Enhances the activity of nonspecific factors of local immunity. Reduces the intensity and duration of intoxication and catarrhal syndrome, normalize the function of the mucous membrane of respiratory tract.

Pharmacokinetics

Aflubin effect of the drug is the result of the cumulative effects of its components, so the holding of the kinetic observations is not possible, all components together can not be traced with the help of markers or bio-research. For the same reason it is impossible to detect and metabolites of the drug.

Statement
treatment and prophylaxis (routine and emergency), influenza, parainfluenza and other ARI in order to relieve the symptoms (in the complex therapy);
treatment of inflammatory and rheumatic diseases involving articular pain.

Dosing regimen

In influenza and acute respiratory disease (1-2 day disease) to children under 1 year to designate 1 / 2 tab. or a cap., children 1-12 years - 1 / 2 tab. or 5 cap., adults and teenagers - one tab. or 10 cap .. Multiplicity of reception - no more than 3-8 times per day.

In influenza and acute respiratory disease (progression stage), children under 1 year to designate 1 / 2 tab. or a cap., children 1-12 years - 1 / 2 tab. or 5 cap., adults and teenagers - one tab. or 10 cap .. Multiplicity of reception - 3 times a day for 5-10 days.

For routine prophylaxis of influenza in the early cold season or for 1 month before the expected peak annual incidence of children under 1 year to designate 1 / 2 tab. or a cap., children 1-12 years - 1 / 2 tab. or 5 cap., adults and teenagers - one tab. or 10 cap .. Multiplicity of reception - 2 times / day. Course duration - 3 weeks.

For emergency prevention of influenza and acute respiratory immediately after contact with sick or after a strong supercooling children under 1 year to designate 1 / 2 tab. or a cap., children 1-12 years - 1 / 2 tab. or 5 cap., adults and teenagers - one tab. or 10 cap .. Multiplicity of reception - 2 times / day. Course duration - 2 days. For the treatment of inflammatory and rheumatic diseases involving articular pain syndrome, children 1-12 years - 1 / 2 tab. or 5 cap., adults and teenagers - one tab. or 10 cap .. Multiplicity of reception - 3-8 times / day at baseline (1-2 days), in the future - 3 times a day for 1 month. At the beginning of the disease, as well as in cases requiring quick relief of symptoms, can receive the drug every 0.5-1 hours of 8-10 cap. But no more than 8 times per day. After improving the drug is prescribed 3 times a day.

Take medication 30 minutes before or 1 h after the meal. Drops take in pure form or diluted in 1 table. l. water. Children under 1 year drops diluted in 1 teaspoon. l. water or milk. 1 / 2 tab. also should be dissolved in 1 tsp. l. water or milk and give to a cap. Before swallowing it is recommended to delay the drug in the mouth for some time.

Tablets should be kept under the tongue until complete resorption.

Side effect

Rare: increased salivation. The patient should be informed that in case of other side effects should see a doctor.

Contraindications
hypersensitivity to the drug.

Pregnancy and lactation

The question of applying the drug Aflubin during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding) is solved by the doctor individually.

Cautions

Since the drug Aflubin in the form of homeopathic drops contain natural herbal ingredients during storage may be a slight clouding of the solution or the weakening of the smell and taste that will not reduce the effectiveness of the drug.

Overdose

Overdose cases to date have not been registered.

Drug Interactions

Clinically significant drug interactions Aflubin with other drugs is not established.

Conditions and terms of

The drug is in pill form sublingual should be stored at temperatures not above 25 ° C in the dark, place inaccessible to children. Shelf life - 3 years.

Do not use after expiration date printed on the packaging.

Drug in the form of homeopathic drops should be stored at temperatures not above 25 ° C in the dark and strong electromagnetic fields of the reach of children. Shelf life - 5 years. Do not use after expiration date printed on the packaging.

Afloderm

Release form, composition and packing

Cream for external use only 0.05% of a homogeneous, white.

1 g alclometasone dipropionate 500 mcg.

Other ingredients: propylene glycol, hlorkrezol, sodium phosphate monoosnovnoy dihydrate, phosphoric acid, cetostearyl alcohol, macrogol cetostearyl ether 22, glyceryl stearate, PEG-100 stearate, petrolatum white, sodium hydroxide, purified water.

Ointment for external use only 0.05% of a homogeneous, white or pale yellow.

1 g alclometasone dipropionate 500 mcg.

Other ingredients: hexylene glycol, propylene glycol monostearate, white petrolatum, white wax.

Clinico-pharmacological group: SCS for outdoor use.

Pharmacological action

Fluorinated synthetic corticosteroids for topical use. Has anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antipruritic and anti-proliferative effect.

When applied to the skin surface in the inflammation quickly and effectively reduces the severity of objective symptoms (erythema, edema, lihenifikatsiya) and subjective sensations (itching, irritation, pain).

Pharmacokinetics

Data on the pharmacokinetics of the drug Afloderm not given.

Statement

Dermatoses, in which effective topical therapy of GCS (including the localization on the face and anogenital region):
atopic dermatitis;
eczema;
psoriasis;
allergic and contact dermatitis;
solar dermatitis;
Allergic reactions to insect stings.

The drug can be administered to children from 6 months.

Dosing regimen

The cream is recommended for the treatment of acute, including weeping skin lesions, the ointment - for the treatment of subacute and chronic dermatoses, including dry, scaly lesions and lihenizirovannyh, or in cases where it is necessary occlusal force ointment. Cream or ointment is applied uniformly thin layer to affected skin 2-3 times daily. At sites with more dense skin (eg elbows, hands and feet) as well as places from which the drug is easily erased, Afloderm should be applied more frequently. The children in the period stihaniya main symptoms drug can be used 1 time per day.

For relapse prevention in the treatment of chronic therapy should continue for some time after the disappearance of all symptoms.

Side effect

Side effects when applied externally alclometasone occur rarely and are reversible. Dermatological reactions: 1-2% of patients may develop itching, burning, redness or dryness, irritation, papular rash, very rarely - aknepodobnye changes, hypopigmentation, miliaria, folliculitis, striae, skin atrophy, hypertrichosis, allergic contact dermatitis, secondary infection skin.

Contraindications
lupus;
cutaneous manifestations of syphilis;
chickenpox;
Viral infections of the skin;
skin reactions post-vaccination;
open wounds;
trophic ulcers;
rosacea;
acne vulgaris;
Hypersensitivity to alclometasone or any of the supporting components of the drug.

Pregnancy and lactation

Application Afloderma during pregnancy is only possible if the intended benefits to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. In such cases, the use of the drug should be brief and confined to a small area of skin. Data on the teratogenic effect of the drug available. Possible use of the drug Afloderm during lactation, but with caution, in particular, the drug should not be applied to the skin of the breast before feeding.

Cautions

If the first application Afloderma develop hypersensitivity reactions (itching, burning and redness), the drug should be discontinued. Afloderm should not be applied to the skin around the eyes (due to the possible development of glaucoma and cataracts), as well as on the open wound.

If the disease is complicated by the development of secondary bacterial or fungal infection, to therapy with Afloderm need to add specific antibacterial or antifungal agent.

Use in pediatrics

The drug can be used in young children. Keep in mind that young children skin folds and diaper may have an effect similar to the effect of occlusive dressings, and increase, respectively, the systemic absorption of the active substance.

In addition, in children the greatest possible degree of systemic absorption because of the relation between the surface of the skin and body mass, as well as the insufficient maturity of the epidermis. Therefore, long-term use in young children is possible only under medical supervision.

Overdose

Data on drug overdose Afloderm not given.

Drug Interactions

Not established clinically significant drug interactions Afloderm with other drugs.

Conditions and terms of

The drug should be stored in a place inaccessible to children at or above 30 ° C. Shelf life Cream - 2 years, ointments - 3 years.

Afala

Release form, composition and packing

Lingual tablets from white to almost white, Valium, with Valium and a facet, on the flat side with Valium affixed to "MATERIA MEDICA", on the other flat side affixed to the "AFALA".

1 tab. antibody to prostate antigen affinity-purified (water-alcohol mixture of the active form of the active ingredient) 3 mg

Excipients: lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate.

* Water-alcohol mixture contains not more than 10-15 ng / g of active substance

Clinico-pharmacological group

Drug used in diseases of the prostate gland.

Pharmacological action

Reduces the effects of inflammation and swelling in the prostate gland and normalizes its functional state. Urodynamics improves, reducing the amount of residual urine, and normalizes the tone of the lower urinary tract, reduces dizuricheskih disorders.

Indications for use of the drug
benign prostatic hyperplasia stages I and II;
in the complex treatment of acute and chronic prostatitis (as anti-inflammatory and analgesic);
dysuric disorder (frequent urge to urinate, including night, difficulty urinating, pain or discomfort in the perineal area), including accompanying benign prostatic hyperplasia stages I and II acute and chronic prostatitis.

Dosing regimen

Inside. At one time 2 tablets (keep in your mouth until completely dissolved - not during the meal). The drug is taken, 2 in the evening and the morning (before and after sleep). The recommended duration of medication - 16 weeks.

When expressed pain and dizuricheskih violations in the first 2-3 weeks of therapy is shown taking the drug up to 4 times /

If necessary, on the advice of a doctor may conduct re-treatment of 1-4 months.

Side effect

When using the drug on these indications and dosages of these side effects were found.

Contraindications to the use of the drug
increased individual sensitivity to the drug.

Cautions

The composition of the drug is lactose, in connection with which it is not recommended for patients with congenital galactosemia, malabsorption syndrome glucose or galactose, or with congenital lactase deficiency.

Overdose

Accidental overdose possible dyspeptic phenomena associated with members of the dosage form fillers.

Drug Interactions

Incompatibilities with other drugs have so far been reported.

To the top of

Without a prescription.

Conditions and terms of

Keep out of reach of children, dry, dark place at temperatures not above 25 ° C. Shelf life - 3 years. Do not use after expiry date.

Aurobin

Release form, composition and packing

Ointment for external application of 1 g prednisolone kapronat 2 mg of lidocaine hydrochloride 20 mg D-Panthenol 20 mg 1 mg of triclosan.

Clinico-pharmacological group: drug with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and mestnoanesteziruyuschim action for topical use in proctology.

Pharmacological action

Combined preparation for local use. Effect of the drug due to the properties of the components in its composition: prednisolone kapronat - non-halogenated corticosteroids, lidocaine hydrochloride - a local anesthetic, D-panthenol - agent, stimulates the regeneration of the epithelium, Triclosan - antibacterial agent with a broad spectrum of action.

The drug has anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antiexudative, local analgesic, antiseptic and stimulating the regeneration effect.

Pharmacokinetics

Data on the pharmacokinetics of the drug Aurobin not given.

Statement

Processes accompanied by inflammation of the anorectal region:
itching of the anus;
eczema of the perianal area;
Psoriasis perianal region;
perianal dermatitis;
hemorrhoids;
fistula and anal fissures;
anopapillit.

Dosing regimen

The ointment is applied a thin layer on the skin surface 2-4 times per day. When the internal hemorrhoidal nodes small amount of ointment 2-4 times a day injected into the rectum. With a decrease in symptoms ointment is used less frequently (1-2 times / day).

Side effect

Dermatological reactions: seldom - telangiectasia, erythema, and hypertrichosis, the surface skin atrophy (long-term use of the drug).

Other: prolonged use of the drug and / or its application to the vast surface of the skin are possible systemic side effects typical of glucocorticoids. The introduction of excessive amounts of ointment into the rectum may moderate bradycardia.

Contraindications
specific lesion anorectal region (including viral, bacterial and fungal infections);
tumors and precancerous diseases of the skin;
hypersensitivity to the drug.

Pregnancy and lactation

With special caution should be used Aurobin I trimester of pregnancy.

Data about the safety of Aurobina during lactation (breastfeeding) are absent.

Cautions

In the case of applying ointment to a large surface for a long time to consider the possibility of resorption of the systemic circulation of active drug substances.

Overdose

Data on drug overdose Aurobin absent.

Drug Interactions

While using Aurobina and lidocaine for systemic use effects of the latter increases.

Conditions and terms of

The drug should be stored at temperatures not above 15 ° C. Shelf life - 2 years.

Augmentin

Release form, composition and packing

Film-coated tablets from white to almost white, oval, with a sunken inscription "AUGMENTIN" on one side, on a break - from almost white to yellowish-white color.

1 tab. amoxicillin (in the form of trihydrate) 250 mg clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) 125 mg. Excipients: magnesium stearate, sodium starch glycolate (type A), silica colloidal anhydrous, microcrystalline cellulose. The composition of the shell: titanium dioxide, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (5 cps), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (15 cps), polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 6000, dimethicone (silicone oil).

Tablets, film-coated white to almost white, oval, with sunken inscription "AUGMENTIN" on one side.

1 tab. amoxicillin (in the form of trihydrate) 500 mg clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) 125 mg. Excipients: magnesium stearate, sodium carboxymethyl starch, silica colloidal anhydrous, microcrystalline cellulose. The composition of the shell: titanium dioxide, hypromellose (5 cps), hypromellose (15 cps), macrogol 4000, macrogol 6000, dimethicone 500 (silicone oil).

Film-coated tablets from white to almost white, oval, with the letters "A" and "C" on both sides of pills and a line fault on one side, on a break - from almost white to yellowish-white color.

1 tab. amoxicillin (in the form of trihydrate) 875 mg clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) 125 mg. Excipients: magnesium stearate, sodium starch glycolate (type A), silica colloidal anhydrous, microcrystalline cellulose. The composition of the shell: titanium dioxide, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (5 cps), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (15 cps), polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 6000, dimethicone (silicone oil).

Powder for oral suspension for white or nearly white, with a characteristic odor; suspension of white or nearly white. 5 ml of finished Valium. amoxicillin (in the form of trihydrate) 125 mg clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) 31.25 mg.

Other ingredients: xanthan gum, aspartame, succinic acid, colloidal silica, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, silicon dioxide, dry orange flavor 610271E (Tastemaker) and 9 / 027108 (Dragoco), dry raspberry flavor NN07943 (Quest), a dry flavor "golden syrup" 52927 / AP (Firmenich).

Powder for oral suspension for white or nearly white, with a characteristic odor when diluted suspension formed a white or nearly white, while standing a precipitate formed slowly in white or nearly white. 5 ml of finished Valium. amoxicillin (in the form of trihydrate) 200 mg clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) 28.5 mg.

Other ingredients: xanthan gum, aspartame, succinic acid, colloidal silica, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, silicon dioxide, dry orange flavor 610271E (Tastemaker) and 9 / 027108 (Dragoco), dry raspberry flavor NN07943 (Quest), a dry flavor "golden syrup" 52927 / AP (Firmenich). 7.7 g of powder - glass bottles volume of 70 ml (1) complete with measuring cap - packs cardboard.

Powder for oral suspension for white or nearly white, with a characteristic odor when diluted suspension formed a white or nearly white, while standing a precipitate formed slowly in white or nearly white. 5 ml of finished Valium. amoxicillin (in the form of trihydrate) 400 mg clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) 57 mg.

Other ingredients: xanthan gum, aspartame, succinic acid, colloidal silica, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, silicon dioxide, dry orange flavor 610271E (Tastemaker) and 9 / 027108 (Dragoco), dry raspberry flavor NN07943 (Quest), a dry flavor "golden syrup" 52927 / AP (Firmenich).

Clinico-pharmacological group: Antibiotic group broad-spectrum penicillin with an inhibitor of beta-lactamases.

Pharmacological action

Combined broad-spectrum antibiotic, resistant to β-lactamase containing amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.

Amoxicillin - a semisynthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic, active against many gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Amoxicillin was destroyed β-lactamases, therefore, its spectrum of antibacterial activity does not include microorganisms producing β-lactamase. Clavulanic acid - β-lactam compound has the ability to inactivate a wide spectrum β-lactamases, enzymes that normally produce microorganisms that are resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins.

The presence of clavulanic acid in Augmentin protects amoxicillin from the destructive action of β-lactamase, and broadens its spectrum of antibacterial activity with the addition of microorganisms, usually resistant to other penicillins and cephalosporins. Augmentin active against gram-positive aerobic microorganisms: Bacillis anthracis *, Corynebacterium spp., Enterococcus faecalis *, Enterococcus faecium *, Listeria monocytogenes, Nocardia asteroides, Staphylococcus aureus *, coagulase-negative staphylococci (including Staphylococcus epidermidis), Streptococcus spp. (Including Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans); against Gram-positive anaerobes: Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp.; Against Gram-negative aerobic microorganisms: Bordetella pertussis, Brucella spp., Escherichia coli *, Gardnerella vaginalis, Haemophilus influenzae *, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella spp .*, Legionella spp., Moraxella catarrhalis * (Branhamella catarrhalis), Neisseria gonorrhoeae *, Neisseria meningitidis *, Pasteurella multocida, Proteus mirabilis *, Proteus vulgaris *, Salmonella spp .* , Shigella spp .*, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica *; against Gram-negative anaerobes: Bacteroides spp *. (Including Bacteroides fragilis), Fusobacterium spp .*; against other microorganisms: Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydiae, Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, Treponema pallidum. *- Some strains of these species of bacteria produce β-lactamase that is resistant to amoxicillin monotherapy.

Augmentin tablets containing 500 mg of amoxicillin and 125 mg clavulanic acid, represent a dosage form with sustained release, which differs from the conventional tablets other pharmacokinetic parameters. This provides sensitivity to the preparation of the strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, in which resistance to amoxicillin is mediated by penicillin-binding proteins (penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae).

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid were obtained in separate studies in healthy volunteers after administration of fasting: 1 tablet augmentin (250 mg/125 mg) or 2 tablets of Augmentin (250 mg/125 mg) or 1 Augmentin tablets (500 mg/125 mg ) or amoxicillin (500 mg) or clavulanic acid (125 mg) separately. In applying augmentin amoxicillin concentrations in plasma similar to those with oral single dose of amoxicillin in equivalents.

Suction

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is readily soluble in aqueous solutions with physiological pH values and after administration of Augmentin administered quickly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption of active ingredients augmentin optimal in the case of its acceptance at the beginning of the meal.

Distribution

Therapeutic concentrations of both active substances are defined in various organs, tissues and body fluids (including the lungs, abdominal organs, fat, bone and muscle tissue, pleural, synovial and peritoneal fluid, in skin, bile, urine, purulent discharge, sputum, in the interstitial fluid).

Plasma protein binding moderate: 25% for clavulanic acid and 18% for amoxicillin. Amoxicillin (as most penicillins) is excreted in breast milk. Breastmilk also detected trace amounts of clavulanic acid. Except for the risk of sensitization is not known any other negative effects of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid on the health of babies breastfed. In experimental animal studies demonstrated that amoxicillin and clavulanic acid crosses the placental barrier.

However revealed no impaired fertility or adverse effects on the fetus. In animal studies found no cumulation augmentin ingredients in any organ.

Metabolism and Elimination

Amoxicillin is primarily excreted by the kidneys, whereas clavulanic acid through both renal and extrarenal mechanisms. After a single oral administration of one tablet of 250 mg/125 mg or 500 mg/125 mg approximately 60-70% of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid 40-65% during the first 6 h excreted in the urine in unchanged form. Approximately 10-25% of the initial dose of amoxicillin is excreted in the urine as inactive penitsilloevoy acid. Clavulanic acid in the human body is subjected to intensive metabolism with the formation of 2,5-dihydro-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-oxo-1H-pyrrol-3-carboxylic acid and 1-amino-4-hydroxy-butane-2-one and is excreted in urine and feces.

Statement

Infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms susceptible to the drug:
infections of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs (including recurrent tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media), usually caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes;
infections of the lower respiratory tract: exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia, usually caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis;
urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, infection of female genital organs, usually caused by species of the family Enterobacteriaceae (mostly Escherichia coli), Staphylococcus saprophyticus and species of the genus Enterococcus, as well as gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae;
infections of skin and soft tissue, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and species of the genus Bacteroides;
Infections of bones and joints: osteomyelitis, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, with the need for long-term therapy;
other mixed infections, such as septic abortion, obstetric sepsis, intraabdominal infection.

Dosing regimen

The dosage regimen is determined individually depending on age, weight, renal function the patient and the severity of the infection. For optimal absorption and reduce possible side effects of digestive system Augmentin is recommended to take at the beginning of the meal. Treatment should not continue for more than 14 days without a review of clinical situations.

If necessary, may conduct sequential therapy (early in intravenous drug with subsequent transition to oral).

Adults and children over 12 years of age or weighing over 40 kg. 1 tablet (875 mg 125 mg) 2 times daily or 1 tablet (500 mg + 125 mg) 3 times a day.

Children under 12 years

Dose, depending on age and body weight indicate a mg / kg body weight per day or per ml of suspension.

Atropine sulfate solution 0.1%

Release forms - oral solution (vials) 0.1% - 10 ml

Pharmacotherapeutic group - m-holinoblokator

Pharmacological action
bronchodilatory
antiarrhythmic
m-anticholinergic
antiulcer
spasmolytic

Ingredients - atropine 0.1%

Statement
Gastrojejunal ulcer
Pain in the abdomen and pelvis
Pain, localized in the upper abdomen
Pain associated with urination
Diseases of the eye and adnexa
Diseases of vocal cords and larynx, not elsewhere classified
Diseases of the gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas
Disease of salivary glands
Painful urination, unspecified
Anomalies of the pupil function
Asthma
Asthma, unspecified
Asthma with a predominance of allergic component
Secondary parkinsonism
Bile duct stones without cholangitis or cholecystitis
Bile duct stones with cholangitis
Stones of the bile duct with cholecystitis
Iridocyclitis
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Keratitis
Keratoconjunctivitis
Accommodation disturbances
Violations of refraction and accommodation
Violations of the secretion of salivary glands
Atrioventricular block second degree
Atrioventricular block full
Atrioventricular block first degree
Atrio-ventricular (atrioventricular) block and left bundle (Gisa)
Occlusion of retinal vessels
Pilorospazme, not elsewhere classified
Unspecified renal colic
Acute bronchiolitis
Acute pancreatitis
Acute cholecystitis
Poisoning by drugs, medicaments and biological substances
Poisoning by drugs acting primarily on the autonomic nervous system
Non-allergic asthma
Peptic ulcer unspecified location
Symptoms and signs involving the urinary system
Symptoms and signs involving the digestive system and abdomen
Anchone
Mixed asthma
Injuries to the eye and orbit
Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes
Chronic pancreatitis of alcoholic etiology
Chronic cholecystitis
Chorioretinal inflammation
Chorioretinal inflammation, unspecified
Cholecystitis
Cholecystitis, unspecified
Other and unspecified atrioventricular block
Other parasimpatomimeticheskimi (cholinergic) means
Other diseases of the eye and adnexa
Other diseases of the pancreas
Other diseases of stomach and duodenum
Other retinal artery occlusion
Other and unspecified abdominal pain
Other superficial keratitis without conjunctivitis
Other chronic pancreatitis
Other forms of cholelithiasis
Other forms of cholecystitis
Cholelithiasis
Helcoma
Duodenal ulcer
Gastric ulcer

The composition of the components
atropine

Description

White crystalline or granular powder, soluble in water and alcohol.

Pharmacodynamics

Alkaloid contained in the plant family Solanaceae, m-cholinergic receptor blocker. Prevents the stimulating action of acetylcholine, reduces the secretion of salivary, gastric, bronchial, lacrimal, sweat glands, pancreas. Reduces muscle tone in the gastrointestinal tract, bile duct and gallbladder, causing tachycardia, improves AV conduction. After iv administration the maximal effect occurs within 2-4 minutes after oral administration (as drops) after 30 minutes. Stimulates the cerebral cortex (in high doses). Extends pupils, difficult outflow of intraocular fluid, intraocular pressure increases, causing paralysis of accommodation. Pupil, advanced atropine, not narrowed at instillation cholinomimetic drugs. Maximal mydriasis occurs within 30-40 min, disappears after 7-10 days.

Pharmacokinetics

Relationship to plasma proteins - 18%. Passes through the BBB. Excreted by the kidneys (50% unchanged).

Application

Gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, pilorospazme, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, hypersalivation (parkinsonism, poisoning with heavy metal salts), intestinal spasms and urinary tract, liver and renal colic, asthma, to prevent broncho-and laryngospasm, AV block , m-poisoning holinomimetikami (fly agaric), anticholinesterases, premedication before surgery. Locally (in Ophthalmology): to study the retina, to improve pupil achievement and paralysis of accommodation in order to determine the true refractive error, for the treatment of iritis, iridocyclitis, horioiditov, keratitis, embolism and central retinal artery spasm, and some eye injuries.

Dosing regimen

N / k / m or / by 0.25-1 mg 1-2 times a day. In ophthalmology: instill 1-2 drops of 1% solution (for children use a solution of lesser concentration) in a patient eye, the multiplicity of applications - up to 3 times at intervals of 6.5 h. In some cases, 0.1% solution was injected subkonyunktivalno 0.2-0.5 ml or parabulbarno - 0.3-0.5 ml. By electrophoresis through the eyelids or eye bath is administered 0.5% solution.

Side Effects

Dry mouth, mydriasis, bowel atony, dizziness, tachycardia, difficulty urinating, flushing of skin of eyelid, photophobia, conjunctival edema of eyelids and eyeball. Xerostomia, mydriasis, cycloplegia, tachycardia, intestinal atony, atonia of the bladder, headache, dizziness, loss of touch.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, angle-closure glaucoma, urination disorders in the prostate gland adenoma.

Cautions

With instillation of the solution in the eye to press the lower lacrimal point in order to avoid getting the solution in the nasopharynx. When subconjunctival or parabulbarno Introduction to reduce tachycardia advisable to appoint validol.

Atrovent

Release form, composition and packing

Solution for inhalation transparent, colorless or nearly colorless, practically free from particles.

1 ml ipratropium bromide monohydrate 261 mg, calculated on the anhydrous ipratropium bromide 250 mcg. Excipients: benzalkonium chloride, disodium edetate, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, purified water.

Clinico-pharmacological group: bronchodilator medication - m-cholinergic receptor blocker.

Pharmacological action

Bronchodilator drug. Blocks of m-cholinergic receptors of smooth muscles of the bronchi (predominantly at the level of large and medium bronchi) and inhibits reflex bronchoconstriction. Having structural similarity to acetylcholine, a molecule is its competitive antagonist. Warns bronchospasm, resulting from inhalation of cigarette smoke, cold air, the action of various drugs, and also eliminates bronchospasm associated with the influence of the vagus nerve.

In patients with bronchospasm associated with COPD (chronic bronchitis and emphysema), improved external respiration (forced expiratory volume in first second / FEV 1 / and the mean volume velocity of forced vydoha25-75% increase by 15% or more) states in 15 minutes after administration. The maximum effect is achieved in 1-2 hours and lasts most of the patients up to 6 hours after injection of ipratropium bromide. 40% of patients with asthma showed a significant improvement in lung (FEV1 increased by 15% or more).

Inhalation application has almost no resorptive effect, while only 10% reaches the small bronchi and alveoli, and the rest settles in the throat or mouth and swallowed.

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

Absorption of the drug is low. Practically not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

Distribution

Poorly soluble in fat and slightly penetrates through biological membranes. Not accumulates.

Metabolism

Metabolized to form eight inactive or weakly active metabolites of anticholinergics. Excretion in unchanged form is displayed through the intestines. Metabolites are excreted in the urine.

Statement
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (including chronic obstructive bronchitis, emphysema);
Bronchial asthma is mild to moderate severity.

Dosing regimen

Keep in mind that 20 drops = 1 ml, 1 drop = 12.5 mcg ipratropium bromide anhydrous. For maintenance treatment for adults (including elderly patients) and children over 12 years are designated by 2 ml (40 drops = 500 mg) 3-4 times a day. The maximum daily dose - 8 ml (2 mg).

Treatment of children should be under medical supervision. Children aged 6 to 12 years are designated by 1 ml (20 drops = 250 mg) 3-4 times a day. The maximum daily dose - 4 mL (1 mg).

Children under 6 years are designated by 0.4-1 ml (8-20 drops = 100-250 mg) 3-4 times a day. The maximum daily dose - 4 mL (1 mg). For the treatment of acute bronchospasm adults (including elderly patients) and children over 12 years are designated by 2 ml (40 drops = 500 mg).

Treatment of children should be under medical supervision.

Children from 6 to 12 years are designated by 1 ml (20 drops = 250 mg) for children under 6 years - to 0.4-1 ml (8-20 drops = 100-250 mg). Possibility of reappointment to the stabilization of the patient. The interval between injections is set individually by the attending doctor. The simultaneous use of beta 2-agonists.

Rules of the drug

The recommended dose should be diluted with saline to achieve the volume of 3-4 ml of the drug, to fill in the nebulizer and make inhalation. The drug should be diluted with saline before each use. Remaining after inhalation solution is poured.

Dosing may depend on the method of inhalation and type of nebulizer. The duration of inhalation can be controlled by spending diluted volume. Atrovent can be applied using different nebulizers available for purchase. When using a centralized oxygen system solution is best applied at a flow rate of 6.8 l / min.

Side effect

The most frequent adverse events: headache, dry mouth, gastrointestinal dysmotility (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation). Effects associated with anticholinergic effect of the drug: supraventricular tachycardia, palpitations, atrial fibrillation, disturbance of accommodation, urinary retention (due to low systemic absorption of the drug are rare and are reversible). In patients with obstructive lesions of the urinary tract increases the risk of urinary retention.
From the respiratory system: Possible coughing, local irritation, rarely - paradoxical bronchospasm.
From the organ of vision: in some cases when the product enters the eyes observed mydriasis, accommodation paresis, increased intraocular pressure (particularly in patients with angle-closure glaucoma).

Pain in the eye or discomfort, blurry vision, ghosting and color spots before his eyes, combined with conjunctival and corneal hyperemia may be symptoms of an attack angle-closure glaucoma. Allergic reactions: possible skin rash, angioedema tongue, lips, face, laryngospasm, erythema multiforme, urticaria, anaphylactic reaction.

Contraindications
I trimester of pregnancy;
Hypersensitivity to atropine and its derivatives;
hypersensitivity to ipratropium bromide and other ingredients.

Precautions should be prescribed drug in angle-closure glaucoma, obstructive urinary tract (including prostate enlargement), breast feeding, children under the age of 6 years.

Pregnancy and lactation

Safety of Atrovent in pregnancy in humans has not been established.

Contraindicated the use of Atrovent in I trimester of pregnancy. Of the drug in the II and III trimester of pregnancy is only possible if the intended use of therapy to the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Is not known whether ipratropium bromide in breast milk. Although insoluble in lipids quaternary cations pass into the breast milk, it is unlikely that Atrovent will have significant effect inhalation use.

However, it should be prescribed with care medicine during breastfeeding.

Use in renal impairment

Be wary of obstruction in the urinary tract.

Cautions

Not recommended to prescribe a drug for emergency relief of bronchial asthma attack (since the bronchodilator effect develops later than the beta-agonists). In patients with cystic fibrosis increased risk of slowing down the digestive tract motility. It is not recommended to allow a significant excess of recommended doses as the treatment of acute bronchospasm, and supportive care.

The patient should be informed that, if inhaled or not effective enough deteriorated condition, you should consult your doctor to change the treatment plan. Atrovent can be used for combined inhalation concurrently with Lazolvanom (solution for inhalation) and berotek (solution for inhalation). The product contains an antibacterial preservative benzalkonium chloride, disodium edetate and the stabilizer, which can cause narrowing of the bronchi. Patients should be able to correctly apply the Atrovent. Should not allow solution into the eye.

Patients are predisposed to glaucoma, it should be warned about the need to protect your eyes from getting the drug. In case of any symptom of an attack angle-closure glaucoma should appoint a drop, causing narrowing of the pupil, and immediately contact an ophthalmologist. For inhalation is recommended nebulizers with a tip to the mouth. When you use the nebulizer with a mask to be applied a mask of appropriate size.

Overdose

Symptoms: The specific symptoms of overdose is not revealed. Given the breadth of therapeutic action and the local way of Atrovent, the emergence of any serious anticholinergic symptoms are unlikely. Minor systemic manifestations of anticholinergic action (including dry mouth, accommodation disturbances, increased heart rate).

Treatment: symptomatic therapy of conduct.

Drug Interactions

With the simultaneous application of beta2-adrenoceptor agonists and xanthine derivatives potentiate the bronchodilator effect of Atrovent. While the application Atrovent with antiparkinsonian means, quinidine, tricyclic antidepressants increased anticholinergic effect of the drug.

While the application Atrovent with other anticholinergic drugs indicated an additive effect.

While using Atrovent with inhaled beta2-adrenomimetikami patients with angle-closure glaucoma increases the risk of an acute attack of glaucoma. Atrovent should not be administered concurrently with inhaled disodium cromoglycate solution, given the possibility of precipitation.

Conditions and terms of

The drug should be stored in a place inaccessible to children at or above 30 ° C. Do not freeze. Shelf life - 5 years.