Paracetamol+Dextromethorphan

Trade name:
Grippostad Good Night

International name:
Paracetamol + Dextromethorphan (Paracetamol + Dextromethorphan)

Group Affiliation:
Analgetic tool

Description of the active substance (INN):
Paracetamol + Dextromethorphan

Dosage Form:
solution for oral administration, tablets effervescent

Mode of action:
Combined medication. Dextromethorphan has antitussive effect. Paracetamol has analgesic, antipyretic and weakly anti-inflammatory action.

Indications:
Symptomatic treatment of influenza, "cold" diseases.

Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity, severe renal / hepatic failure, lack of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, blood diseases, bronchial asthma, COPD (emphysema, chronic obstructive bronchitis), pneumonia, respiratory failure or respiratory depression, pregnancy and lactation, epilepsy, children's age (up to 16 years). C care. Simultaneous reception of MAO inhibitors, renal failure, congenital hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert syndrome, Dubin-Johnson and Rotor), cough with abundant expectoration.

Side effects:
Excessive fatigue, dizziness, nausea, vomiting (disappear after discontinuation). Drug dependency (dextromethorphan), flushing of the skin, very rare - allergic reactions (skin rash), violations of blood (thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, pancytopenia). In some cases, in predisposed patients - bronchospasm ("Aspirin" Asthma), hypersensitivity reactions (angioedema, dyspnea, increased sweating, nausea, blood pressure reduction, until the shock). Overdosage. Symptoms (dextromethorphan): agitation, dizziness, respiratory depression, impaired consciousness, reduced blood pressure, tachycardia, muscle hypertonicity, ataxia. Treatment: intubation, artificial respiration (may need to take measures to protect against excessive heat loss). Symptoms (paracetamol) : receiving high doses of paracetamol may lead to toxic symptoms (duration of the latent period of 24 to 48 h). At the same time due to necrosis of liver cells can develop in violation of its functions, up to hepatic coma, including and fatal. Chance of necrosis of renal tubules with the development of renal failure. Symptoms: 1 day - nausea, vomiting, increased sweating, drowsiness, malaise, in the 2-day - a subjective improvement in well-being, mild abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, increased activity of "liver" of transaminases and bilirubin, prolongation of thromboplastin time, oliguria and in the third day - high "liver" enzymes, jaundice, blood coagulation disorders, hypoglycemia, hepatic coma. Treatment: within 6 hours - gastric lavage, in the first 8 h - i / in the introduction of donators SH-groups ( acetylcysteine), dialysis is effective (recommended determination of the concentration of paracetamol in plasma), symptomatic therapy.

Dosage and administration:
Inside, teenagers under age 16 and adults - 30 ml of 1 time per day (the evening, before bedtime). In renal / hepatic failure, hyperbilirubinemia reduce the dose. The duration of admission should not exceed 3-4 days.

Cautions:
The product contains 18 vol.% Ethanol. 30 ml containing 1.18 XU or 391 kj, respectively. In the period of treatment should refrain from the use of ethanol and use caution when driving vehicles, and occupation of other potentially hazardous activities that require high concentration and quickness of psychomotor reactions .

Interactions:
Enhances the effect on the CNS and the toxicity of MAO inhibitors and other drugs which depress the central nervous system. Stimulators of microsomal oxidation in the liver (phenytoin, ethanol, barbiturates, rifampicin, fenilbutazon, tricyclic antidepressants) increase the production of hydroxylated active metabolites, leading to the possibility of severe intoxication with small overdoses paracetamol; increase the concentration of dextromethorphan in the blood. With simultaneous use of paracetamol and zidovudine increases the risk of developing neutropenia. Metoclopramide accelerates the absorption and the onset of action. myelotoxic drugs increase the expression gematotoksichnosti drug. Paracetamol slows the excretion of chloramphenicol. Simultaneous reception of indirect anticoagulants must be used under medical supervision.

Glutamyl-Cystinyl-Glycine disodium

Trade name:
Glutoxim

International name:
Glutamyl-cystine-glycine disodium (Glutamyl-Cystinyl-Glycine disodium)

Group Affiliation:
Immunopotentiating tool

Description of the active substance (INN):
Glutamyl-cystine-glycine disodium

Dosage Form:
injection

Mode of action:
Immunopotentiating tool affects the intracellular processes of thiol exchange. The mechanism of action related to the influence on redox-state cells. And systemic immunomodulatory Cytoprotective action is determined by the new level of redox systems and the dynamics of protein phosphorylation in key signal-transmission systems and transkriptatsionnyh factors (NFkB and AP-1), primarily immunocompetent cells. Have different impacts on the normal (stimulation of proliferation and differentiation) and transformed (induction of apoptosis - genetically programmed cell death) cells. It has high tropic to the cells of the central organs and immune system, lymphoid tissue, strengthens the processes of erythropoiesis, lymphopoiesis and granulocyte-monocytopoiesis; activates the phagocytosis (including in immunodeficient states), the recovery in the peripheral blood levels of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and functional activity of tissue macrophages. Has a stimulating effect on the cascade mechanism of phosphate modifications of the main protein signal-transmitting systems is the initiation of cytokines (including endogenous production interleykina1, interleykina6, TNF, erythropoietin), playback effects interleykina2 through induction of expression of its receptors.

Indications:
Secondary immunodeficiency states associated with radiation, chemical and infectious factors (prevention and treatment); restoration of immune responses and bone marrow hematopoiesis, increase resistance to a variety of pathological influences - infectious agents, chemical and / or physical factors (including intoxication, radiation), viral hepatitis (B and C), COPD (effectiveness of antibacterial therapy), prevention of postoperative septic complications.

Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, lactation.

Side effects:
Subfebrilitet, tenderness at the injection site (perhaps with the introduction of 1-2 ml of 0.5% procaine solution).

Dosage and administration:
B / B, / m, n / k of 5-30 mg (depending on the nature and severity of the disease) every day. The course of treatment - 10 days, if necessary repeat after 1-6 months. To prevent designate a / m 5-10 mg / day.

Cautions:
To reduce pain n / a and i / m injection is introduced into the same syringe with 0.5% solution of procaine (1.2 ml).

Interactions:
Pharmaceutical compatible with water-soluble drugs.

Histamine

Trade name:
Histamine dihydrochloride

International name:
Histamine (Histamine)

Group Affiliation:
Diagnostic tool

Description of the active substance (INN):
Histamine

Dosage Form:
solution for subcutaneous injection

Mode of action:
Biogenic compounds formed in the body in the decarboxylation of the amino acid histidine, is a mediator involved in the regulation of vital body functions. The body is predominantly bound, inactive state. With anaphylactic shock, burns, frostbite, hay fever, hives and other conditions the amount of free histamine increases; stimulants histamine release are the d-tubocurarine, morphine, iodinated radiopaque drugs, macromolecular compounds, etc. Free histamine causes spasm of smooth muscles (including muscles of the bronchi ), the expansion of capillaries, reducing blood pressure, contributes to stagnation of blood in the capillaries and increased permeability of their walls, swelling of surrounding tissues. Reflex stimulates the adrenal medulla, facilitating the allocation of epinephrine, a narrowing of arterioles, increased heart rate. It stimulates the secretion of gastric juices. Contained in the CNS, plays the role of neurotransmitter (or neuromodulator). Allocate 3 subgroups of receptors: H1-, H2-and H3-histamine receptors. Excitation of peripheral H1-histamine receptors leads to reductions in spastic bronchial musculature of intestine, myometrium, increased capillary permeability; H2-histamine receptors - to stimulate acid production in the stomach, lower the tone of smooth muscles of the uterus, blood vessels. H3-histamine receptors are involved in the implementation of the influence of histamine on the central nervous system. As the drug has limited application, produced by bacterial breakdown of histidine or synthetic means. In allergic diseases, migraine, asthma, urticaria introduction of small, increasing doses to the acquisition of resistance to histamine and reduce susceptibility to allergic reactions.

Indications:
Diagnosis of gastric acidity, diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, feohromoblastomy (combined thropaphen test), polyarthritis, articular and muscular rheumatism, pain caused by lesion of peripheral nerves, sciatica, plexitis; allergic diseases, migraine, urticaria.

Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity, bronchial asthma, decompensated heart disease, expressed arterial hypo-or hypertension, pheochromocytoma, organic central nervous system disease, severe chronic renal failure, pregnancy, lactation, children's age.

Side effects:
Allergic reactions, headache, increased blood pressure, lower blood pressure (dizziness or fainting), nervousness, tachycardia, flushing of the skin, fever, convulsions, difficulty breathing, bronchospasm. In appointing the high-dose: cyanosis, blurred vision, shortness of breath, discomfort or chest pain, a sharp decline in blood pressure, marked diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps or stomach area, gastrointestinal dysfunction, similar to symptoms of peptic ulcer as a result of increased secretion of acid, "metal" taste, swelling and hyperemia at the injection site when n / to the introduction (triple response: erythematous rash + blister + inflammatory hyperemia). Overdosage. Symptoms: collapse, anaphylactic shock. Treatment: Maintain airway and the use of mechanical ventilation, oxygen, imposition of temporary wiring near the injection site to slow absorption into the blood, the introduction of antihistamine drugs, 0.3-0.5 mg of epinephrine to the solution for injection (1:1 th ) n / a for the treatment of BP reduction, if necessary, up to 2 times.

Dosage and administration:
Radiculitis, plexites - w / c, 0.2-0.3 ml of 0.1% solution; rheumatism - 0.1-0.5 ml of 1% solution, rubbing the ointment containing histamine, histamine electrophoresis. In allergic diseases begin with a / to the introduction of very small doses - 0.1 ml in a concentration of 1:10 million (0.1% solution of dilute appropriate amount of 0.9% solution of NaCl), then gradually increase the dose. For pharmacological diagnosis of gastric sokoobrazovaniya - n / a 0.1% rate of 0.1 ml/10 kg pheochromocytoma and feohromoblastomy - hold a combined thropaphen test.

HERBION DROPS FOR THE KIDNEYS AND BLADDER

Pharmacological properties: The product is based on medicinal plants that have a diuretic and antiseptic. Bearberry leaves contain phenolic glycosides, arbutin and metilarbutin which in alkaline urine hydrolyzed with the formation of hydroquinone and metilgidrohinona. These aglycones exert bacteriostatic effect in the urinary tract and bladder.

The essential oil contained in the root of parsley, stimulates the epithelium of the kidneys, causing increased renal blood flow and diuresis. Flavones and saponin, which are contained in a birch and horsetail field, act as weak diuretics, and are used to combine with a root-harrow thorny infections of the kidneys and bladder.

Together, these herbs increase the flow of urine, provide better perfusion of the urinary tract and eliminate the symptoms.

To date, no pharmacokinetic studies conducted these drops and some medicinal plants within them, since it is virtually impossible due to the complexity of the drug and its individual herbal components, but there are data on the pharmacokinetics of its active ingredients.

Flavones and flavonols with diuretic activity is very poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Arbutin is rapidly excreted from the body. Hydroquinone is excreted in the urine after 1-2 hours after ingestion.

Essential oils due to its lipophilic properties are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In the body, they are mostly associated with glucuronic acid and output from the kidneys, to a lesser extent - through the intestines. Nemetabolizirovannaya portion is allocated through the lungs and to a lesser extent - through the skin.

INDICATIONS: acute and chronic nephritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis bacterial etiology.

APPLICATION: inside of 20-30 drops 3 times a day for 3-4 weeks. The drops should be diluted with water or tea. In severe forms of disease the drug is used in complex therapy.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of the drug history, edema caused by cardiac or renal insufficiency, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum; product contains ethanol, so it is not indicated for liver diseases, epilepsy, diseases of the brain during pregnancy and lactation chest, children and adolescents.

SIDE EFFECTS: when taking the recommended doses, side effects have been noted. If you are sensitive to any of the components of the drug possible allergic reactions.

SPECIAL NOTES: in the drops containing about 75%. Ethanol. At each dose (30 drops) contains 0.65 g of alcohol, so taking the drug in high doses can have an adverse effect on the ability to drive vehicles and working with potentially dangerous machinery.

INTERACTIONS: Because the droplets contain alcohol, they may modify or exacerbate the effects of other drugs.

OVERDOSE: a large overdose can cause symptoms of intoxication.

Storage conditions: at 25 ° C.

HEXAPNEUMINE FOR CHILDRENS

Pharmacological properties: combined drug, is used for symptomatic treatment of dry irritating unproductive cough, particularly arising unexpectedly in the evening or at night.

The drug has antimicrobial, antihistamine and antitussive effects.

Biklotimol bactericidal effect against the staphylococci, streptococci, micrococci, and corynebacteria. Coagulated proteins of microbial cells.

Chlorphenamine maleate - antihistamines, which affects the peripheral N-1 receptors, preventing bronchospasm; has atropinopodobny, sedative, antitussive effects.

Folkodin - central antitussive action derivative of morphine. Inhibits the respiratory center, but to a lesser extent than codeine.

Combination folkodina with chlorphenamine maleate achieves optimal antitussive effect through potentiation of pharmacological activity.

INDICATIONS: Treatment of dry irritating unproductive cough in children aged 8 to 15 years (body weight over 25 kg).

USE: Assigned to children from 8 to 15 years.

Syrup are inside a measuring spoon with a capacity of 5 ml with a graded feature at 2.5 ml.

Children weighing 25-30 kg (approximate age 8-10 years) - 2,5 ml (1 / 2 measuring spoon) 3 times / day at intervals of not less than 4 h but not more than 6 times per day.

Children weighing 30-50 kg (approximate age 10-15 years) - 5 ml (1 Scoop) 3 times / day with an interval of not less than 4 h, but not more than 6 times / day. Duration of treatment should not exceed 5 days.

Children under 8 years of drug is given only emergencies, when the need for suppression of cough than the risk from the use of a derivative of morphine.

Contraindications: individual intolerance of any of the components of the drug, respiratory insufficiency of any degree; cough with symptoms of bronchial obstruction, diseases in which the increased risk of urinary retention, angle-closure glaucoma.

For adults - during pregnancy and lactation.

SIDE EFFECTS: allergic reactions: (skin: urticaria, erythema, eczema, purpura, angioedema, anaphylactic shock;

leukopenia, accompanied by fever;

thrombocytopenia, manifested by nosebleeds or bleeding gums;

sleepiness, decreased attention, difficulty breathing, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, impaired coordination of movements, tremor, dry mouth, accommodation disturbances, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia, blood pressure reduction, the manifestations of excitation (anxiety, nervousness, insomnia).

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: Not applicable for the treatment of productive cough.

The product contains 5,1% of ethyl alcohol, which corresponds to 200 mg of alcohol per 1 scoop (5.0 ml). Precautions apply in the case of hepatic and renal failure.

Before use, the drug should be excluded gastro-ezofagealny reflux and bronchial asthma. When treating patients with diabetes or subject to hypoglycemic diet should be aware that the product contains 1,875 grams of sugar in 1 / 2 scoops (2.5 ml) and 3,75 g in 1 measuring spoon (5 ml). The drug can cause drowsiness, it is necessary to take into account the patients Driving or operating machinery.

INTERACTIONS: Do not use in conjunction with drugs that increase bronchial secretions (mucolytics, etc.)

It should not be applied in conjunction with preparations containing alcohol or with drugs depressing the central nervous system (antidepressants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, sleeping pills, clonidine and klonidinopodobnye substances, derivatives of morphine - pain killers and antitussives, methadone, antipsychotics, anxiolytics), - the risk of oppression of the CNS.

Do not use in conjunction with preparations containing drugs and atropine Atropine group - possibly urinary retention, constipation, dry mouth.

Not recommended for use in conjunction with drugs that can cause antabusopodobnuyu reaction with alcohol - disulfiram, tsefamandol, cefoperazone, latamoksef, cephalosporin, chloramphenicol, hlorpropamid, glibenclamide, griseofulvin, imidazole derivatives, ketoconazole, procarbazine, and others may be fever, vomiting, tachycardia.

OVERDOSAGE: Symptoms: increased severity of adverse reactions, convulsions, difficulty breathing, impaired consciousness, coma.

Treatment: symptomatic in a specialized department.

STORAGE: Store at room temperature.

Haloperidol

Mode of action:
Antipsychotic drug (neuroleptic), a derivative butyrophenones. Possesses strong antipsychotic effect, blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors in Mesolimbic and Mesocortical brain structures. High antipsychotic activity combined with moderate sedation (in small doses has a stimulative effect) and pronounced effect of antiemetics. Cause extrapyramidal disorders, has almost no anticholinergic action. Sedation due to the blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors of the reticular formation of the brain; antiemetic effect - the blockade of dopamine D2-receptor trigger zone of the vomiting center; hypothermic effect and galactorrhea - blockade of dopamine receptors of the hypothalamus. The long reception accompanied by changes in endocrine status, in the anterior pituitary prolactin production increases and decreases - gonadotrophic hormones. Haloperidol decanoate in comparison with haloperidol has a more prolonged effect. Removes persistent personality changes, delirium, hallucinations, delusions, reinforces the interest in his surroundings. It is effective in patients resistant to other neuroleptic drugs. Has some activating effect. Do hyperactive children eliminates excessive motor activity, behavioral disorders (impulsivity, difficulty in concentration, aggressiveness). Therapeutic effect of prolonged form can last up to 6 weeks.

Indications:
Psychoses (manic-depressive, epileptic, against the background of schizophrenia, alcohol, drug, including "steroid"), psychomotor agitation of various origins, delusions and hallucinations (paranoid state, acute psychosis), Tourette's disease, mental retardation, agitated depression, Huntington's chorea, long persistent and resistant to therapy hiccups, nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, stuttering, behavioral disorders in the elderly and childhood (including hyperreactivity in children with infantile autism), psychosomatic disorders.

Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity, severe depression of central nervous system functions against the toxic xenobiotics, the coma of various origins, central nervous system disease, accompanied by pyramidal and extrapyramidal symptoms (including Parkinson's disease), depression, hysteria, pregnancy, lactation, infancy (up to 3 years). C carefully. Decompensated disease CAS (including angina, a violation of intracardiac conduction, long QT, or predisposition to it - hypokalemia, the simultaneous use of other drugs that can cause lengthening of the interval QT), epilepsy, closure glaucoma, liver and / or renal failure , thyrotoxicosis (with symptoms of thyrotoxicosis), pulmonary heart and respiratory failure (including patients with COPD and acute infectious diseases), prostatic hyperplasia with urinary retention, alcoholism.

Side effects:
Of the nervous system: headache, insomnia or drowsiness (especially at the beginning of treatment), the state of anxiety, anxiety, agitation, anxiety, akathisia, euphoria or depression, lethargy, epilepsy, development of a paradoxical reaction - exacerbation of psychosis and hallucinations, with long-term care - extrapyramidal disorders, including tardive dyskinesia (prichmokivanie and puckering his lips, bombast, fast, and vermiform movements of the tongue, uncontrolled chewing movements uncontrolled movements of hands and feet), late dystonia (rapid blinking or spasms of eyelids, unusual facial expression or body position, curving uncontrolled movement of the neck, torso , hands and feet), and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (difficulty or shortness of breath, tachycardia, arrhythmia, hyperthermia, increased or decreased blood pressure, increased sweating, incontinence, muscle rigidity, seizures, loss of consciousness). On the part of the SSA: the use of high dose - lowering blood pressure, orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmia, tachycardia, ECG changes (prolongation of the interval QT, signs flutter and ventricular fibrillation). On the part of the digestive system: the application of high doses - decreased appetite, dry mouth, sialoschesis, nausea, vomiting diarrhea or constipation, abnormal liver function, until the development of jaundice. From the side of hematopoiesis: rarely - temporary leukopenia or leukocytosis, agranulocytosis, and the tendency to eritropeniya monocytosis. On the part of the genitourinary system: urinary retention (with prostatic hyperplasia), peripheral edema Pain in breasts, gynecomastia, hyperprolactinemia, menstrual disorders, lower potency, increase libido, priapism. On the part of the senses: cataract, retinopathy, blurred vision. Allergic reactions: maculopapular and akneobraznye skin changes, photosensitivity, rarely - bronchospasm, laryngism . Laboratory indicators: hyponatremia, hyper-or hypoglycemia. Other: alopecia, increased weight tela.Peredozirovka. Symptoms: muscular rigidity, tremor, somnolence, decrease blood pressure, sometimes - increase blood pressure. In severe cases - coma, respiratory depression, shock. Treatment: ingestion - gastric lavage, activated charcoal. When respiratory depression - AV. To improve blood circulation in / injected plasma or albumin solution, norepinephrine. Epinephrine in these cases use is strictly prohibited! Reduced extrapyramidal symptoms - central holinoblokatory and antiparkinsonian drugs. Dialysis is ineffective.

Dosage and administration:
Inside, during or after a meal, with a full (240 ml) glass of water or milk, the initial dose for adults - 0.5-5 mg 2-3 times a day. If necessary, gradually increase the dose to achieve the desired therapeutic effect (on average - up to 10-15 mg, in chronic schizophrenia - up to 20-60 mg). The maximum dose - 100 mg / day. Duration of treatment - 2-3 months. Reduce dose slowly, maintenance doses - 5.10 mg / day. Older or debilitated patients at the beginning of treatment prescribed by mouth, by 0.5-2 mg 2-3 times daily. Children 3-12 years old (or weighing 15-40 kg) with psychotic disorders - by mouth, 0.05 mg / kg / day in divided doses 2-3, if necessary, taking into account the tolerance dose increased to 0.5 mg 1 every 5-7 days to a total dose of 0.15 mg / kg / day. In non-psychotic behavioral disorders, Tourette's disease - mouth, initially 0.05 mg / kg / day in 2-3 divided doses, then dose increased to 0.5 mg 1 every 5-7 days to 0.075 mg / kg / day. In infantile autism - inside, 0.025-0.05 mg / kg / day. In the absence of effect within 1 month of therapy is not recommended to continue. In acute conditions, and in cases where oral intake is impossible - in / or / m In the "indomitable" vomiting - at 1.5-2 mg 2 times a day. The average single dose for the i / m - 2.5 mg, the interval between the injections - 4-8 hours in acute psychosis - 5-10 mg / in or / m The given dose can be re-enter 1-2 times at intervals of 30-40 minutes to obtain the desired effect. The maximum daily dose - 100 mg. In acute alcoholic psychosis - a / c, 5-10 mg, with ineffective conduct additional infusion at a dose of 10-20 mg at a rate not exceeding 10 mg / min. Solution for injection containing haloperidol decanoate, strictly V / m, 25 mg every 15-30 days, if necessary, may increase the dose to 100-150 mg (interval between doses and dose adjust at intervals of not less than 1 month).

Cautions:
During therapy patients should regularly monitor the ECG, hemogram, "liver" tests. Parenteral haloperidol should be carefully monitored by a physician (especially in elderly patients and children) in achieving the therapeutic effect should go to the reception inside. With the development of late dyskinesia recommend a gradual reduction in dose (up to a full withdrawal of the drug). Be careful when carrying out hard physical work, taking a hot bath (development of heat stroke due to suppression of central and autonomic thermoregulation in the hypothalamus). During the treatment should not be taken "protivoprostudnye" OTC drugs (may increase anticholinergic effects and risk of heat stroke). It is to protect exposed skin from excessive solar radiation due to increased risk of photosensitivity. Treatment stopped gradually to avoid the syndrome of "cancel". antiemetic effect may mask signs of drug toxicity and complicate diagnosis states the first symptom of which is the nausea. By mixing the concentrated solution for oral haloperidol with coffee, tea or lithium citrate as a syrup free haloperidol may precipitate. Before the appointment of a prolonged form should first transfer the patient from any other in the neuroleptic haloperidol (prevention of an unexpected high sensitivity to haloperidol). It is noted that the dose for children 6 mg cause additional improvement in behavioral disturbances and ticks. During the period of treatment must be careful when driving and occupation of other potentially hazardous activities that require high concentration and quickness of psychomotor reactions .

Interactions:
Increases expression of inhibitory effect of ethanol on the CNS, tricyclic antidepressants, opioid analgesics, barbiturates and sleeping drugs, funds for general anesthesia. Intensifies the effect of peripheral m-holinoblokatorov and the majority of antihypertensive drugs (reduces the effect of guanetidina due to the displacement of its alpha-adrenergic neurons and suppression of its capture these neurons). inhibits metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants and MAO inhibitors, with increases (relatively) of their sedative effects and toxicity. With simultaneous application with bupropion reduces epileptic threshold and increases the risk of large seizures. reduces the effect of anticonvulsants (decreased convulsant threshold for haloperidol) . Attenuates vasoconstrictor effect of dopamine, phenylephrine, norepinephrine, ephedrine and epinephrine (an alpha-adrenergic blockade of haloperidol, which may lead to a distortion of epinephrine and a paradoxical decrease in BP). Reduces the antiparkinsonian effect of (an antagonistic effect on dopaminergic structures of the CNS). Modifies (may increase or decrease) the effect of anticoagulants. Reduces the effect of bromocriptine (may require dose adjustment). In the application of methyldopa increases the risk of developing mental disorders (including the disorientation in space, to slow and the difficulty of thought processes). Amphetamines reduce the antipsychotic effect of haloperidol, which in turn reduces their inducing effect (haloperidol blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors). Anticholinergic, antihistamine (I generation), and antiparkinsonian drugs may increase the m-anticholinergic effects of haloperidol and reduce its antipsychotic action (may require dosage adjustment). Long-term appointment of carbamazepine, barbiturates and other inducers of microsomal oxidation of reduced haloperidol concentrations in plasma. In combination with drugs Li + (especially in high doses) may develop encephalopathy (may cause irreversible neurointoxications) and increased extrapyramidal symptoms. With simultaneous reception with fluoxetine increases the risk of side effects from the CNS, particularly extrapyramidal reactions. With simultaneous use with drugs that cause extrapyramidal reactions, increases the frequency and severity estrapiramidnyh disorders. The use of strong tea or coffee (especially in large quantities) reduces the effect of haloperidol.

Immunoglobulin human normal

Mode of action:
Human Ig, contains a wide range opsoniziruyuschih and neutralizing antibodies against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. Replenishes missing antibodies class IgG, reduces the risk of infections in patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency.

Indications:
For i / m administration - Emergency prevention of measles, hepatitis A, pertussis, polio, meningococcal disease, increased nonspecific resistance. For iv administration - primary immunodeficiency, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Kawasaki disease, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, HIV, severe bacterial and toxic and viral infections (including postoperative complications, accompanied by sepsis), dermatomyositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome giperimmunoglobulinemii E, Eaton-Lambert syndrome, multiple sclerosis, infections caused by parvovirus B19, chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy with demilienizatsiya. Prevention and treatment of infections in newborns, premature babies, children with low birthweight.

Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity (including to maltose and sucrose), immunodeficiency IgA.C caution. decompensated chronic heart failure, diabetes, renal failure, pregnancy, lactation.

Side effects:
Headache, dizziness, migraine pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, increased or decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, cyanosis, fever, shortness of breath, or feeling of compression of the chest pain, allergic reactions. Rarely - marked reduction of blood pressure, collapse, loss of consciousness, pyrexia, chills, sweating, fatigue, malaise, back pain, myalgia, numbness, fever, or feeling cold, aseptic meningitis, acute renal tubular necrosis. Local reactions: seldom - flushing of the skin at the injection site.

Dosage and administration:
V / m. Prevention of measles. From 3 months who had not suffered measles and unvaccinated, no later than 4 days after contact with patients: children - 1.5 or 3 ml (depending on health status and time since exposure), adults - 3 ml dose. Prevention of poliomyelitis. Unvaccinated or not passed a full course of vaccinations to children as early as possible after contact with patients with the paralytic form of polio - 3-6 ml dose. Prevention of hepatitis A. Children 1-6 years - 0.75 ml, 7-10 years - 1.5 ml, over 10 years and adults - 3 ml dose, re-introduction of the evidence not earlier than 2 months. Prevention and treatment of influenza. Children under 2 years - 1.5 ml, 2-7 years - 3 ml, older than 7 years and adults - 4.5-6 ml dose. In severe forms of influenza showed the reintroduction of 24-48 hours prevention of pertussis. Had not suffered whooping cough children - to 3 ml twice with an interval of 24 h. Prevention of meningococcal disease. Children from 6 months to 7 years, not later than 7 days after contact with patients with generalized form of infection (regardless of serogroup agent) - 1 ml (up to 3 years) or 3 ml (over 3 years). V / in. Children are introduced at 3-4 ml / kg (not more than 25 ml) in / drip at a rate 8-10 drops / min every day for 3-5 days. Immediately prior to the introduction of dilute 0.9% NaCl solution or 5% dextrose. Adults injected undiluted preparation of 25-50 ml / to drip at a rate of up to 40 drops / min. The treatment consists of 3-10 infusions produced within 1-3 days. In the primary immunodeficiency - at 200-400 mg / kg (4-8 ml / kg) 1 time per month, if necessary - 2 times a month. In idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura - 400 mg / kg 1 time a day, in the absence of an adequate effect within 5 days, and periodically as necessary with the introduction of an additional dose of the same quantity. In Kawasaki disease (as adjuvant) - 2 g / kg, once with a simultaneous appointment ASA - 100 mg / kg daily to reduce the body temperature, then - at 3-5 mg / kg for 6-8 weeks in the absence of violations of the coronary arteries.

Cautions:
Penetrates into breast milk and may facilitate the transfer of protective antibodies to the newborn. For manufacturing use plasma from healthy donors, which were not detected antibodies to HIV types 1 and 2, hepatitis C virus surface antigen and hepatitis B virus, and the activity of transaminases did not exceed normal values. Temporary increase of antibodies in the blood after the introduction of false positive results in the data analysis for serological study (Coombs' reaction). Immunoglobulins for i / m administration is forbidden to enter into / in. After the drug administration should monitor the condition of the patient at least 30 minutes. Persons suffering from systemic diseases (diseases of blood, connective tissue, glomerulonephritis, etc.) and diseases of the immune system, Ig should be administered on a background of appropriate therapy and monitoring functions of the respective systems. When introducing the first 2 weeks after vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella vaccinations these vaccines should be repeated not earlier than 3 months. Do not exceed the rate of in / out of the introduction of the possibility of collaptoid reactions. During pregnancy impose strict indications only when the intended benefits to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.

Interactions:
Introduction Ig can relax (for 1.5-3 months) the effect of live vaccines against viral diseases such as measles, rubella, mumps and varicella (grafting these vaccines should be repeated not earlier than 3 months). After the injection of large doses of Ig its effect can last in some cases up to one year. A temporary increase in the content imposed by antibodies in the blood after administration of Ig may cause the false-positive results of serological tests. Do not use concurrently with calcium gluconate in infants.

Colecalciferol

Mode of action:
Tool, fills a deficiency of vitamin D3. Participates in the regulation of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, increases absorption of Ca2 + and phosphate in the intestine (by increasing the permeability of cell and mitochondrial membranes of the intestinal epithelium), and their reabsorption in the renal tubules of the kidneys, promotes bone mineralization and formation of skeleton and teeth in children, strengthens the process of ossification is necessary for normal functioning parathyroid glands. Vitamin D3 is formed in the skin under the influence of UV rays from the provitamin 7-degidroholesterina. In order to maintain normal levels of vitamin D in blood serum of sufficient exposure to sunlight only the face and hands of the child for 2 hours a week, and UV radiation, the mother (1.5 erythemic minimum dose to the whole body for 90 s) increases levels of vitamin D3 in its milk 10 times.

Indications:
Hypo-and vitamin deficiency of vitamin D (prevention and treatment), the state increased the body's need for vitamin D: rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, Renal osteopathy, inadequate and unbalanced nutrition (including parenteral, vegetarian diet), malabsorption syndrome, lack of insolation , hypocalcemia, hypophosphataemia (including family), alcoholism, liver failure, cirrhosis, jaundice, diseases of the digestive tract (gluteinovaya enteropathy, persistent diarrhea, tropical sprue, Crohn's disease), rapid weight loss, pregnancy (especially nicotine and drug dependence , multiple pregnancy), lactation, newborn babies who are breastfed, the lack of insolation, receiving barbiturates, kolestiramina, colestipol, mineral oil, anticonvulsive drugs (including phenytoin and primidona). Gipoparatireoz: postsurgical, idiopathic, tetany ( postoperative and idiopathic), psevdogipoparatireoz.

Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity, hypercalcemia, hypervitaminosis D, renal osteodystrophy with giperfosfatemiey.C caution. Atherosclerosis, sarcoidosis or other granulomatosis, CHF, nefrourolitiaz history, hyperphosphatemia, chronic renal failure, pregnancy, lactation, children's age.

Side effects:
Allergic reactions. Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, decreased appetite, polyuria, constipation, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, increased blood pressure, arrhythmia, renal failure, exacerbation of tuberculous process in legkih.Peredozirovka. Symptoms of hypervitaminosis of vitamin D: early (due to hypercalcemia) - constipation or diarrhea, dryness of the oral mucosa, headache, thirst, thamuria, nocturia, polyuria, anorexia, metallic taste in the mouth, nausea, vomiting, unusual tiredness, weakness, hypercalcemia , hypercalciuria; later - bone pain, clouding of urine (appearance in the urine hyaline cylinders, proteinuria, leukocyturia), increased blood pressure, itching, photosensitivity of the eyes, conjunctival hyperemia, arrhythmia, drowsiness, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis, stomachalgia, weight loss rarely - mental changes (up to the development of psychosis) and mood. Symptoms of chronic intoxication with vitamin D (at reception for a few weeks or months to adults in doses of 20-60 thousand m / day, children - 2-4 thousand m / d): calcification of soft tissues, kidneys, lungs, blood vessels, hypertension, kidney failure and the SSA until death (these effects are most often arise in the accession of hypercalcaemia hyperphosphataemia), dysplasia in children (long term administration of a dose of 1.8 thousand IU / day). Treatment: removal of the drug, a diet low in Ca2 +, the consumption of large amounts of fluid, the appointment of the SCS, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, retinol, thiamine, in severe cases - in / to the introduction of large amounts of 0.9% solution of NaCl, furosemide, electrolytes, hemodialysis.

Dosage and administration:
Inside or / m, for the prevention of rickets - a dose of 200 thousand m (5 mg) 1 every 6 months (up to 5 years). If a child is rarely in the sun or the skin hyperemic, a single dose increased to 400 thousand m, is introduced as a semi-annual (5 years). Treatment of rickets and hypocalcemia spazmofilii - 200 thousand m 1 times per week for 2 weeks (in combination with drugs Ca2 +). To prevent tetany attacks - up to 1 million IU / day. In osteomalacia and osteoporosis - 200 thousand m every 15 days for 3 months. drops for oral administration (1 cap = 500 IU): for the prevention of rickets infants (term), beginning with 2 weeks of life - every day, 500 IU / day, in special circumstances (eg premature babies) - up to 1000 IU / day when I prematurity Art. and 1000-2000 IU / day) with prematurity II and Stage III. (Excluding summer months) for the treatment of rickets - at 2000-5000 IU / day in 2-3 reception for 1-1.5 months, and then move on to maintenance therapy - 500 IU / day) for 2 years and in winter for 3 year of life. A dose of 5000 IU is assigned only when expressed by bone changes. 3 months after completion of a course of at-risk children to repeat courses antirecurrent treatment of 2000-5000 IU / day for 3-4 weeks, except in the summer months. Babies suffering spazmofiliey - 5000 IU 3 times a day. adults for the prevention of osteomalacia - by 500-1000 IU 3 times a day, for the treatment of osteomalacia - up to 2500 IU 3 times a day. When gipoparatireoze and psevdogipoparatireoze - to 7500-15000 IU / day). It is necessary to monitor the concentration of Ca2 + in the blood every 3-6 months and if necessary correction of dosing regimen.

Cautions:
The daily requirement of vitamin D3 for adults - 400 IU (10 mcg). Use under close medical supervision concentration Ca2 + in blood and in urine (especially in combination with thiazide diuretics). When prophylactic use is necessary to bear in mind the possibility of overdose, especially in children (not should appoint more than 10-15 mg per year). Prolonged use at high doses leads to chronic hypervitaminosis D3. It should be borne in mind that the sensitivity to vitamin D in different patients is individual and in some patients receiving therapeutic doses can even cause the phenomenon of hypervitaminosis sensitivity. infants of vitamin D may be different, some of them may be sensitive even to very low doses. Children receiving vitamin D over a long period of time, and increased risk of growth retardation. To prevent hypovitaminosis D is the preferred balanced diet. Infants who are breastfed, especially born to mothers with dark skin and / or receive little solar exposure, have a high risk a shortage of vitamin D. In animal experiments demonstrated that calcitriol in doses of 4-15 times the recommended dose for humans, has a teratogenic effect. Hypercalcaemia in the mother (associated with prolonged overdose of vitamin D during pregnancy) can cause the fetus increased sensitivity to vitamin D, suppression of the function of the parathyroid glands, syndrome-specific elfopodobnoy appearance, mental retardation, aortic stenosis. In old age the need for vitamin D may increase due to reduced absorption of vitamin D, reducing the ability of skin to synthesize pro-vitamin D3, reducing the time of insolation, increasing the incidence of renal failure.

Interactions:
Toxic effects of impaired vitamin A, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, pantothenic acid, thiamine, riboflavin. In hypervitaminosis D may strengthen action of cardiac glycosides and increased risk of arrhythmias caused by the development of hypercalcemia (expedient correction doses of cardiac glycosides). Under the influence of barbiturates (including h. phenobarbital), phenytoin and primidona need kolekaltsiferole significantly increase (increase the rate of metabolism). Long-term therapy on the background of the simultaneous application of Al3 + and Mg2 +-containing antacids increases their concentration in the blood and the risk of intoxication (especially in the presence of CRF). Calcitonin, derivatives etidronovoy and pamidronovoy acids plikamitsin, gallium nitrate, and reduce the effect of SCS. Kolestiramin, colestipol, mineral oil reduces the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the digestive tract and need to increase their dosage. Increases absorption of phosphorus-containing drugs and the risk of hyperphosphataemia. With simultaneous application of sodium fluoride as the interval between doses must be at least 2 hours, with oral forms of tetracycline - at least 3 h. The simultaneous use of other analogues of vitamin D increases the risk of hypervitaminosis.

VIROLEX powder pro infusionibus

Pharmacological properties: acyclovir - antiviral drug active against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type-2 virus, and herpes zoster. Has virostaticheskoe action. Inhibit the synthesis of viral DNA, not impacting on the physiological processes in the cell.

The half-life in patients with normal renal function is 2.9 h after i / v infusion. Acyclovir penetrates well into tissues, organs and parts of the body: the brain, kidneys, lungs, liver, muscle, spleen, uterus, mucosa of the vagina, vaginal secretions, CSF, and the contents of herpetic vesicles. Since plasma proteins binds 15,4% acyclovir. In healthy individuals acyclovir derived mainly from the urine in unchanged form. Pharmacokinetics in children aged over 1 year is similar to that in adults.

Indications: infections caused by the virus Herpes simplex: a primary genital herpes, recurrent genital herpes, herpes encephalitis and generalized infection, herpes of the skin and mucous membranes in patients with immunodeficiency, neonatal herpes, and other infections (herpes eczema, hepatitis, proctitis, esophagitis, pneumonia).

Prevention of infections caused by the virus Herpes simplex: after transplantation of bone marrow or kidneys, with aplasia of the bone marrow after treatment with cytotoxic drugs, recurrent genital herpes (with a frequency of 6 times a year and more), frequent recurrent infections in patients with normal immune status, infection patients with immunodeficiencies.

Infections caused by the virus Varicella zoster: varicella in immunocompromised patients, severe or prolonged forms of varicella in patients with normal immune status, complications of varicella caused by the direct action of the virus Varicella zoster; zoster in immunocompromised patients; complications of shingles caused by the direct action of the virus Varicella zoster; eye and ear shape zoster, herpes zoster in individuals aged over 50 years.

APPLICATION: treatment with acyclovir should be started as early as possible, immediately after the first signs of the disease.

The drug is introduced into / in slowly for 1 h.
Infection

Dosage for adults and children over 12 years

Dosage for children aged 3 months to 12 years

Duration of treatment


Herpes simplex

5 mg / kg every 8 h

250 mg / m 2 every 8 h

5 days


Herpes encephalitis

10 mg / kg every 8 h

500 mg / m 2 every 8 h

10 days


Varicella in patients with normal immune status

5 mg / kg every 8 h

250 mg / m 2 every 8 h

7 days


Varicella in immunocompromised patients

10 mg / kg every 8 h

500 mg / m 2 every 8 h

from 7 to 10 days


Preventing infections

250 mg / m 2 every 8 h




Doses to infants: 10 mg / kg every 8 hours dosing regimens for patients with impaired renal function is listed below:
Creatinine clearance

Dosage regimen


25-50 ml / min (0,41-0,83 ml / s)

The usual dose every 12 hours


10-25 ml / min (0,16-0,41 ml / s)

The usual dose every 24 hours


0-10 ml / min (0-0,16 ml / s)

Half the usual dose every 24 hours and immediately after dialysis




Before using the contents of 1 vial should be dissolved in 10 ml water for injection or isotonic p-ra sodium chloride; entered by infusion pump. To prepare the infusion of p-ra contents of two vials of ex tempore dissolved in 100 ml isotonic p-ra sodium chloride or lactate Ringer p-ra, if necessary, dose exceeding 500 mg, add an adequate amount of solvent.

Preparation of infusion p-ra for children who need doses of 10 mg or below, and perform in two stages: first the contents of the vial is dissolved in 10 ml water for injection or isotonic p-ra sodium chloride, and then add the appropriate dose for infusion of p-py at a ratio of 1:5 (such as 4 ml in 20 ml).

The product contains no preservatives. Ready rr stable for 12 hours at a temperature from 15 to 25 ° C. Do not use the p-p, which appeared blurred or formed crystals. To prepare the infusion of p-ditch can use isotonic rr sodium chloride or p-p Ringer.

Water for injection should not contain preservatives (benzyl alcohol or parabens).

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity to the drug.

SIDE EFFECTS: at too fast a / in the introduction of acyclovir and dehydration may be a transitory increase in levels of urea and creatinine in serum, so the injection should be done slowly and ensure adequate hydration of the body. Acute renal failure in the application of the drug occurs very rarely. With the development of renal failure during treatment with acyclovir should appoint adequate hydration, reduce the dose or stop treatment.

Rarely observed neurological symptoms (only in the treatment of complicated forms of the disease), which had a reversible character: convulsions, confusion, hallucinations, tremors, drowsiness, psychosis, coma. There may also be observed nausea, vomiting, skin rashes, increased liver enzymes, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia.

Cautions: The drug should be used with caution in renal failure, elderly patients, as well as the appointment in high doses, especially in patients with dehydration. Dosage should be corrected in the light of creatinine clearance.

Purpose of the drug during pregnancy can only be life-threatening infections, where the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. Acyclovir penetrates into the breast milk, so at the time of treatment the drug should be stopped breastfeeding.

Avoid contact with p-pa drug in the eye.

INTERACTIONS: Probenecid, while the application increases the concentration of acyclovir in plasma and lengthens the period of its half-life. The simultaneous use of acyclovir and mycophenolate mofetil leads to increased concentrations of both ingredients in the blood plasma. With simultaneous application of acyclovir and nephrotoxic or neurotoxic drugs should be careful.

OVERDOSE: It is recommended to monitor renal function. It is important to maintain sufficient urine output to prevent crystalluria. Must be active hydration body. Acyclovir is excreted in hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis is less efficient.

STORAGE CONDITIONS: Powder in vials should be stored at temperatures not above 25 ° C; ready infusion of p-p is stable for 12 hours at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C; p-p should not be stored in the refrigerator.